Pengaruh irradiasi sinar gamma cobalt 60 terhadap perubahan karakter morfologi, molekuler dan senyawa aktif tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness).

Abstract

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness) is a medicinal plant that became the pre-eminent national and prospective to be developed in Indonesia. Self pollination from sambiloto affected of the low of genetic variation. Irradiation is one strategy that can be used to increase the genetic diversity for economically important characters and improve the content of the active compounds in medicinal plants. One method to increase the genetic diversity is by using irradiation. The change of mutan character in medicinal plants by irradiation can be detected by morphological and molecular. Detection of characters change by morphology character is done by observing changes in phenotype, while in molecular character can be done at the DNA level by PCR analysis. The aim of this research was to change mutan character of sambiloto plants by irradiaton with gamma rays on morphology and molecular character. Seeds of sambiloto in clean plastic were irradiated in Cobalt 60 Gamma Chamber machine with dose treatment were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 Gy. Morphological observation was performed on sambiloto mutan in M1V0, M1V1, M1V2 and M1V3 generations. Analysis of molecular mutant by 10 primers of ISSR was used to obtain DNA profiles. Detection of pytochemical profiles has been done by HPLC method. The result of LD50 analyzed by using CurveExpert 1.3 was obtained 140.363 Gy. There were morphological changes between irradiated plants and control. Analysis of varians showed significant result of some observed character. Analysis of DNA profiles showed 5 primers can distinguish changes of DNA profiles, 4 primers showed the same number and size bands and 1 primer could not amplified. Analysis of genetic similarity obtained 6 groups with genetic distance 0.79-1.00. Analysis of chemichal profiles using HPLC showed different andrographolide content ranged from 6.5%-10.9%. More higher doses showed more high andrographolide content. Phytochemical profiles showed 3 mutants had additional peak compared to control.