Pemanfaatan bungkil biji jarak pagar sebagai sumber protein pada ayam kampung dan kajian senyawa aktifnya terhadap Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract

Source of vegetable protein for poultry feed is very limited and still rely on soybean meal. Therefore, alternative sources to replace soybean meal are required. One such ingredient is jatropha seed meal (JSM). The use of JSM in poultry ration is still limited since it is associated with the presence of anti nutritive and toxic compounds also the presence of shells that can not be digested by monogastric animals. The were 4 kinds of research theme which conducted to overcome the problem of JSM. The aim of first theme was to determine the best method of detoxification of JSM and to test the active compound in JSM as Salmonella typhimurium anti bacteria. From the research results it can be concluded that the detoxification JSM through both the autoclave heating or steaming can increase the nutritional value and lower the antinutrive a compund. However, it was found that JSM did not show any inhibition activity in vitro on Salmonella typhimurium. Phase II study was conducted to measure improving of the nutritional value of feed containing JSM was fermented. The study used twenty five chickens of 10 weeks old (20 chickens were given 5 test rations, 5 chickens to measure endogenous energy). It is concluded that the supplementation of fermented JSM with phytase and a mixture of cellulase and phytase gives a better effect in increasing metabolyzable energy. Phase III study was conducted to determine the performance, blood profile and histopathology of liver and kidney. One hundred sixty chickens of 3 weeks old were used in this experiment arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. It can be concluded that the fermented treatment JSM supplemented with cellulase and phytase produced performance, blood profil and liver and kidney histopathology similar to the control treatment JSM unfermented. The objective of phase 1V study was to determine the best level of fermented JSM in the ration that supplemented by cellulase and phytase to produce the highest performance of chicken. Two hundred seventy chickens of 3 week old were used in this experiment arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The results showed that body weight gains of chicken fed fermented JSM (7.5; 10 and 12.5%) with enzyme supplementation were more pronounced, (23.10%, 41.52% and 23.83%, respectively) compared those fed unfermented JSM. Up to level of 10%, fermented JSM did not show any negative effect on organ weight, blood profile, histopathology. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that fermented JSM with enzyme supplemented can be used up to 10% in the diet. The protein of fermented JSM with enzyme supplementation can replace protein of soybean up to 32.17% in chicken diet.