Model sebaran tumpahan minyak di alur pelayaran Kepulauan Seribu DKI Jakarta.

Abstract

Lalu lintas kapal tanker serta kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi minyak di lepas pantai telah menjadikan kawasan-kawasan di Perairan Indonesia rawan terjadi tumpahan minyak. Kepulauan Seribu sebagai daerah pemanfaatan yang multi fungsi seperti perikanan budidaya, transfortasi laut, wisata laut, daerah perlindungan laut dan jalur pelayaran internasional khususnya kapal tanker. Kapal tanker sering menyebabkan tumpahan minyak di perairan Kepulauan Seribu, sehingga untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap lingkungan dan kerugian secara ekonomi maka perlu prediksi sebaran dan nasib dari tumpahan minyak.

Tanker traffic and oil exploration as well as production activities in offshore areas have been made the Indonesian waters prone to oil spills. As we know that Kepulauan Seribu has multi-functional area such as aquaculture, marine transportation, marine tourism, marine protected areas and international cruise lines, especially tankers. Tankers often cause oil spill in the waters of Kepulauan Seribu. It is able to reduce the environmental condition, cause the impact and economic losses. For that reason it is necessary to increase our knowledge in order to predict the distribution and fate of oil spills. The aims of this study to build a 2D hydrodynamics model to see the patterns of water mass movement of Kepulauan Seribu even on the west monsoon and east of monsoon. The models of oil spills distribution based on the hydrodynamic models can be used as a tool to prevent in Kepulauan Seribu. To control oil spills at sea will be more effective when distribution we have a model of oil spills. The results of this model show that the area exposed to and the duration of exposure by the oil spill occurred in Kepulauan Seribu.Data input used in the model consist of water depth data (bathymetry), wind speed and direction, tidal data, data of the Islands cruise lines, data of tankers types and tanker transport capacity through the territorial waters of Kepulauan Seribu, currents data, and the oil fractions data..The impact of the distribution of oil occurred in the west season almost reaching marine protected areas in the north of the island of Tidung Besar within 15 hours with the distance from the source of the spill of about 10 km and thickness of oil layer is less than 45 mm with duration of exposure between 18-23 hours.Crude oil has the highest duration of exposure reached 326 hours for west monsoon season and 159 hours on the east while gasoline has a very short exposure time of about 70 hours.