Analysis of Infrastructure Transportation and Information Communication Technology Impact to Term Of Trade in ASEAN and East Asia.

Abstract

International trade and economic integration have a significant role to the economy. One indicator of international trade is the value of exports and imports. The ability to export and import is to determine the terms of trade. Terms of trade describes the welfare of a country from the perspective of international trade. Terms of trade affect the real income of a country in terms of international trade. The cooperation among ASEAN with East Asia gives advantage and challenge for each member country. Each country can improve their term of trade through international trade. The aims of this study are to analyze infrastructure transportation and information communication technology impact on term of trade in ASEAN and East Asia. ASEAN member countries consist of Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Philipines and Vietnam. East Asia member countries consist of China, Japan, Hongkong and South Korea. This study used panels yearly data of term of trade, index transportation infrastructure, cost to export/import, time to export/import, internet user, and export/import of information communication technology goods. Time references was 2006-2009. Statics panel data model was used to determine the relationship between term of trade and these variables for ASEAN and East Asia. Dummy intercept was applied to explain the differences between ASEAN countries and East Asia countries. The results declare that transportation infrastructure, export of information communication technology goods and cost to export variables significantly affect the model. Transportation infrastructure and export of information communication technology goods variable have a positive influence on the term of trade. Cost to export variable has a negative influence on term of trade. These variables are equally influential in both ASEAN and East Asia countries. To increase term of trade countries need to improve quality of transportation infrastructure and export of information communication technology goods, moreover reducing the cost to export.

Salah satu indikator perkembangan perdagangan internasional suatu negara adalah nilai ekspor dan impornya. Kemampuan mengekspor dan sebaliknya yang dilakukan oleh suatu negara akan menentukan nilai tukar perdagangan (term of trade) negara tersebut terhadap negara lainnya. Nilai tukar perdagangan menggambarkan kesejahteraan suatu negara dari perspektif perdagangan internasional. Jika nilai tukar perdagangan meningkat maka hal tersebut mengindikasikan peningkatan posisi perdagangan negara tersebut melalui kemampuan mengekspor dibandingkan dengan impornya. Nilai tukar perdagangan memengaruhi pendapatan riil suatu negara dari sisi perdagangan internasional.