Yield and blast resistance evaluation of new plant type of upland rice lines.

Abstract

The present studies were conducted to determine agronomic characters, genetic variability, broad sense heritability (h2bs) and blast resistance of doubled haploid rice lines, to obtain new plant type (NPT) of upland rice with high yield potential and blast resistant. The research was conducted in Bogor and Sukabumi from November 2010 – Juni 2011. There were 14 genotypes evaluated namely the new lines of rice from anther culture (FG1-66-2-1, FG1R-108-1-1, FG1R-51-2-1, FM1-14-1-1, FM1-14-1-2, FM1-25-1-1, FM1-25-1-2, FM1-57-1-2, FM1R-32-1-1, FM1R-23-1-1, FG2-47-1-3, FM1R-19-2-4, FM2-12-1-1, FAT-4-1-2), as well as Fatmawati, Limboto and Batutegi as check varieties. The experimental design used was randomized block design (RBD). The result showed that there was variability on agronomic traits and blast resistance among lines evaluated. FG2-47-1-3 did not have complete characters of NPT of upland rice, but the line had superior characteristics such as high percentage of filled grain, medium growth period, medium height, medium 1000-filled grain weight, stay green when harvested and high resistance to blast disease. The result indicated that the tested population have high heritability (h2bs) in leaf blast and neck blast resistance, plant height, filled grain per panicle, growth period, number of grain per panicle and 1000-filled grain weight. They showed high variance coefficient for leaf blast and neck blast resistance, flag leaf length and percentage of filled grain.

Beras merupakan sumber pangan pokok di Indonesia. Pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan naiknya konsumsi beras per kapita akan meningkatkan konsumsi beras nasional. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi beras adalah dengan pemanfaatan lahan kering untuk menanam padi gogo. Karakteristik tanaman padi gogo lokal mempunyai beberapa kelemahan seperti umur panen panjang, tanaman tinggi, mudah rebah, anakan sedikit dan produksi rendah, namun memiliki sifat unggul lainnya seperti tahan hama dan penyakit serta pengisian biji baik. Beberapa kelemahan tersebut menyebabkan kontribusi padi gogo terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional masih rendah (5%), dengan demikian perbaikan genetik padi gogo lokal perlu dilakukan, yaitu dengan merakit varietas padi gogo tipe baru.