Ecology–Economic Analysis of Fisheries Management based on Coral Reef Ecosystem (Case Study Liwutongkidi Island Waters, Buton, Southeast Sulawesi Province)

Abstract

Coral reef, as part of marine ecosystem, has a highly rich biodiversity. This ecosystem is a habitat for marine organism forming complex food chains. As one of natural ecosystems, coral reef has function and important role in maintaining marine water fertility and coastal community economy. In order to understand the change of coral reef ecosystem condition in Liwutongkidi Island and its surrounding, there is a need to have study related to potential, changes and the use of coral reef with the ecology-economy approaches as a foundation in determining policy approach pattern. The pattern aimed to study uses a model of ecology-economy approach for coral reef based - integrated and sustainable fisheries management. The goals are 1) identifying characteristic of base substrate composition, fish community, and its correlation with habitat in coral reef ecosystem in conservation area of Liwutongkidi Island; 2) estimating economic value of coral reef in conservation area of Liwutongkidi Island; 3) arranging concept on coral reef ecosystem management based on ecologyeconomy model in conservation area of Liwutongkidi Island. Data collecting on coral fih community in the research area of Liwutongkidi Island, Siompu and Kadatua used survey method of Line Intercept Transect (LIT) English at.al 1994) with several modification CRITICCOREMAP LIPI (2004). The degradation occurs on coral reef ecosystem, therefore a tool is needed to measure the level of degradation by diversity index (H), domination (E). Selecting respondent as research unit used a method (purposive sampling). Purposive is a researcher to determine correspondent based on its own opinion or argument as research sample. In order to see the influence of community social and economy using an approach of change in productivity or known as Effect on Production (EOP) according to what has been done by Cesar 1996 dan Molberg & Folke 1999. Life coral coverage percentage in Siompu, Kadatua and Liwutongkidi is around 13.01% - 72.50%, and average of coverage percentage is 46.92% based on lifeform that can be grouped into medium category. Based on coral mortality index analysis of healthy level 0.17% – 0.88%, coral approaching 0 has low coral death ratio and high coral health level and coral approaching 1 has low coral health or high coral death ratio.

Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistim laut yang sangat kaya akan keaneka ragaman hayati. Terumbu karang memiliki fungsi dan peranan penting bagi kesuburan perairan laut. Dalam penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi nilai ekologi dan ekonomi terumbu karang di perairan Pulau Liwutongkidi, Kabupaten Buton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik komposisi substrat dasar, struktur komunitas ikan dan korelasinya dengan habitat di ekosistem terumbu karang kawasan konservasi Pulau Liwutongkidi (2) Mengestimasi nilai ekonomi ekosistem terumbu karang di kawasan konservasi Pulau Liwutongkidi (3) menyusun konsep pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang berdasarkan model ekologi-ekonomi di kawasan konservasi Pulau Liwutongkidi. Persentase penutupan karang hidup di Pulau Siompu, Kadatua dan Liwutongkidi antara 13.01% - 72.50%, rata-rata persentase penutupan 46.92% berdasarkan lifeform dapat digolongkan kedalam kategori sedang. Hasil sensus kelompok ikan mayor sebanyak 3899 individu dari 26 famili, kelompok ikan indikator dengan jumlah 347 individu sedangkan kelompok ikan target adalah 1625 individu dari 17 famili dengan keanekaragaman antara 2.71 - 4.72% termasuk kedalam kategori sedang sampai tinggi, keseragaman ikan karang antara 0.69 - 0.92 memiliki keseragaman tinggi komunitas stabil. Nilai Ekonomi Total (NET) dari manfaat langsung penggunaan sumberdaya perikanan karang di Desa Kapoa, Desa Waonu dan Desa Tongali masing-masing adalah sebesar Rp. 11.579.106,17, Rp. 43.051.173,27 dan Rp. 15.640.846,46 per bulan. Hasil analisis system dan smulasi ekosistem perikanan karang skenario 3 lebih ideal dalam analisis simulasi biomasa ikan di kawasan konservasi Pulau Liwutongkidi dan sekitarnya ada hubungan timbal balik antara jumlah penangkapan dengan biomasa ikan sepanjang waktu.