Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Organ Bunga Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Secara In Vitro

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of auxin (picloram and 2,4-D) to induce embryogenesis of flower organ explants Theobroma cacao L. Uper Amazon Hybrid (UAH) in vitro that were held in Tissue Culture Laboratory from April until October 2011. The study consisted of two experiments, the first experiments done to get the best medium to be resumed at a later stage. The second experiment was repetition of the first experiment to get the best medium by using a combination of media such as the second stage at the first experiment. Both experiments use cocoa petals and staminoidia. The result in first stage at the first experiment was MS medium with picloram 1.1 mg/l + adenine 0.25 mg/l and 2,4-D 2 mg/l + adenine 0.25 mg/l, that gave the largest potential to produces the percentage of embryogenic callus, respectively of 20,41% and 14,58% in the petal. In the second stage that media was also able to produce potential embryogenic callus. In the first experiment, none of callus developed became embryo. In the second experiment the embryo can be induced in a large culture bottles (volume 200ml) using phytagel 2 g/l and 30 g/l of pure sucrose. Percentage of explants that initiated somatic embryos in the second experiment was 1.1% or 4.8% from the total of potential embryogenic callus on the staminoidia. Number of somatic embryos was initiated in this experiment as much as 4 somatic embryos in an eksplant. Embryos initiated on MS with picloram 1.1 mg/l + kinetin 0:25 mg/l combination media for 8 week after application.