Multiplikasi Tunas Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum cv. Sumenep) pada Beberapa Taraf Media Dasar MS dan 2iP Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to multiply shallot in vitro. The objectives of experiment were to obtain the optimum concentration of MS culture medium and 2iP as a growth regulator in shoot multiplication on the first culture (experiment I) and the second culture (experiment II). Both experiments were used four difference strengths of MS medium (0.5x;1.0x;1.5x;2.0x) and four levels of 2iP (2 mg/1;4 mg/1;6 mg/1;8 mg/l). The results of experiments showed high shoot multiplication rates on the first culture compared to the second culture. Medium containing 1.0 x strength of MS and high level of 2iP was the most effective on shoot production in the first culture. Culture medium 1.0x MS produced 3.5 shoot per explant. While 2iP provide the highest average shoot per explant that was 4.7 shoots. The second experiment resulted in low shoot multiplication rates and there were no significant difference caused by both factors. Root proliferation was higher the second culture compared to the first culture, with 1.0 x MS resulted in the highest root production that was 1.8. Growth regulator 2iP had no significant effect on root production. The best medium for multiplication of shallot was 1.0 x strength MS with 8 mg/l 2iP which resulted in the highest shoot production in the first culture.