Development, Uses and Application of Biopesticides in Indonesia: Current Research and Future Challenges

Abstract

The Government of Indonesia has adop~ed integrated pest management (IPM) as a foundation of pest control system. Biopesticidess have been developed and applied as a part of control components against plant pests and animal parasites in line with the implementation of IPM in agriculture in Indonesia. Middle and large-scale industry of biopesticidess are dominated by Bacillus rhurillgiensis as active ingredient, mostly with strain kurstaki (13 trade products). Other biopesticidess officially registered at Pesticide Commission are Trichoderma koningii (3 products), Beauveria bassiana (2 products), Gliodadiul1l (lmark). Insect pheromone has not been produced commercially, most probably due to the high cost production. One commercial product each for botanical nematicide based on azadirachtin, bioinsecticide based on rotenone and spinosad and attractant methyl eugenol are registered as well. However, the application of certain biopesticidess that can be prepared in simple method in the field is more extensive. Crude extract of various botanical materials, raw filtrate of nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Spodoptera spp and baculovirus Oryctes rhinoceros, B. bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae cultured on rice media, antagonist agents Gliocladium and Trichoderma cultured on rice bran and sawdust are widely practiced by farmers. Researches on mostly applied aspects are being conducted by some universities and research centers in Indonesia.