Faktor Determinan Stunting pada Anak Usia 24 – 59 Bulan di Indonesia

Abstract

Masa balita merupakan salah satu masa penting untuk kelangsungan hidup dan tumbuh kembang anak. Masa ini merupakan salah satu masa yang paling penting untuk meletakan dasar-dasar kesehatan dan intelektual anak untuk kehidupan yang akan datang. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, masalah gizi anak perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Namun pada kenyataannya, masih terdapat masalah yang berhubungan dengan keadaan gizi pada masa balita.

Age under five year old is one of the most important periods for a child’s growth and development. This period is important for placing health and intelectual development for a child’s future. Based on that, nutrition problems in childhood are needed to be eliminated. There are many problems in childhood related to nutrition .According to Ministry of Health (2008), there are 36,8% of children were stunted. It is larger than the number of undernourished and wasted children. The objective of this study were : (1) study the family characteristics, infectious diseases, environmental sanitation, hygiene behaviour, access and healthcare utilization, parents’ height and nutritional status according to height-for-age in children; (2) to analyze the relationship between environmental sanitation and healthcare utilization, and between hygiene behaviour and infectious diseases; and (3) to analyze determinant factors of 24-59 months old stunted children. This study used secondary data taken from Basic Health Research 2007 with cross sectional design. Sample size of 42042 children were taken. Pearson’s correlation were used to test relationship among variables. Determinants factors were revealed using SAS program with stepwise method. The results showed that there was a significant relationship (p<0,05) between infectious diseases and sanitation; among infectious diseases and access and healthcare utilization and hygiene behaviour. Factors affecting stunting significantly (p<0,05) were father’s height, mother’s height, age, gender, neighborhood, social and economic status, mother’s education, infectious diseases, personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation.