Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55330
Title: Pemanfaatan marka molekuler untuk mendukung perkaitan kultivar unggul kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Utilization of molecular marker to support high yield culltivar construction of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Sudarsono
Setiawan, Asep
Purwantara, Agus
Kurniasih, Surti
Keywords: Genetic diversity
Theobroma cacao L
moleculer marker.
Issue Date: 2012
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: Theobroma cacao L. is one of the important cash crop, native to the South American rain forest. The beans are the sole source of cacao, the raw material for chocolate. Production of cacao beans can be increased by cultivar which has high production and resistant to black pod caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Identification and characterization of genetic diversity cacao germplasm were needed in constructing superior F1 hibrid. Diversity analyses of cacao germplasm need to be done for finding the clones that potentially as parental in the cacao hybridization programme for high yield and resistant to P. palmivora. Diversity of 29 clone cacao germplasm based on morphological characters was high. Results of the experiment indicated that all SSR primer pairs evaluated were able to produce kultivar SSR markers for 29 cacao clones. The total number of observed alleles among 29 clones were 132. Number of allele per locus ranged from 4 to 8, with an average of 5.5 alele per locus. Results of data analysis indicated the PIC value was 0.665, the observed heterozigosity (Ho) was 0.651, the gene diversity (He) was 0.720. The PIC, Ho, and He values were considered high. Genetic distances were evaluated using NTSys version 2.1 and dendrogram was constructed. Based on those finding, all SSR primer pairs evaluated could be used to analyze cacao genome and be useful for genetic diversity analysis of cacao germplasm. The SSR marker analysis in ICCRI cacao collections resulted in high PIC, high observed heterozygosity, and high genetic diversity. Genetic distance among the parents and genetic distance between the F1 hybrid individuals with the nature of resistance to black pod disease caused by infection with P. palmivora were evaluated. The genetic distance between the parents used to produce F1 hybrid strains of cocoa has a relatively high value, which ranges from 0.52 - 0.85. The farther the distance of genetic between the parents the higher genetic diversity of hybrid individuals is expected. SSR analysis results of ten individual crossed hybrids, suggest that individual genetic hybrid has a relatively high genetic diversity. Parents which have a further genetic distance were also produced hybrids with a relatively high diversity. To study the analog genes thought related to the nature of plant resistance to P. palmivora, a PCR strategy was used to clone resistance genes analogs (RGAs) and defense gene analogs (DGAs) using specific and non-specific primers. Of the eight cloned sequences, only three sequences were successfully isolated, they are one RGA sequence of Pto and two sequences of DGA of Cat1 and Cat2.
Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan penting yang berasal dari wilayah Amerika Selatan. Biji tanaman ini merupakan bahan dasar untuk pembuatan coklat. Permintaan yang terus meningkat membuka peluang untuk terus meningkatkan produksi tanaman ini. Akan tetapi budi daya tanaman ini menemui berbagai kendala. Salah satu kendala yang cukup berarti adalah serangan penyakit busuk buah yang disebabkab oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi kakao adalah dengan mengembangkan kultivar unggul kakao yang berdaya hasil tinggi dan resisten terhadap penyakit busuk buah yang disebabkan oleh P. palmivora. Kultivar tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan cara pengembangan hibrida F1 yang berasal dari tetua donor yang mempunyai sifat resisten dan tetua penerima yang mempunyai daya hasil tinggi. Keberhasilan penyilangan kakao ditentukan oleh pemilihan tetua yang tepat sehingga diperoleh hibrida yang sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Untuk itu diperlukan informasi yang akurat tentang keragaman genetik plasma nutfah kakao yang akan dipilih sebagai tetua. Analisis keragaman terhadap plasma nutfah kakao perlu dilakukan untuk mencari klon-klon yang memiliki potensi sebagai tetua dalam upaya perakitan klon-klon kakao yang berdaya hasil tinggi sekaligus tahan terhadap penyakit busuk buah yang disebabkan P. palmivora. Pada kegiatan pertama dilakukan analisis keragaman plasma nutfah kakao berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan marka SSR. Hasil analisis keragaman morfologi dengan menggunakan descriptor list terhadap 22 klon kakao koleksi Puslit Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, menunjukkan terdapat keragaman yang cukup tinggi. Dua puluh empat lokus SSR yang digunakan mampu mengamplifikasi DNA genom 29 klon kakao dan menghasilkan pita polimorfik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rataan jumlah alel per lokus sebanyak 5.50. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan juga menunjukkan nilai PIC untuk marka SSR yang digunakan sebesar 0.665. Untuk populasi klon kakao yang dievaluasi, diperoleh nilai rataan heterosigositas pengamatan (Ho) sebesar 0.651, dan rataan diversitas gen (He) sebesar 0.720. Nilai PIC, Ho dan He yang didapat tergolong tinggi.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55330
Appears in Collections:DT - Agriculture

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2012sku.pdf
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full text3.16 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
ABSTRACT.pdf
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Abstract319.34 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
BAB I PENDAHULUAN.pdf
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BAB I342.3 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.pdf
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BAB II437.65 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
BAB III ANALISIS KERAGAMAN PLASMA NUTFAH KAKAO.pdf
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BAB III642.28 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
BAB IV HUBUNGAN ANTARA JARAK GENETIK ANT....pdf
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BAB IV1.75 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
BAB V ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI GEN-GEN ANA....pdf
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BAB V792.85 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN UMUM.pdf
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BAB VII SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.pdf
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COVER.pdf
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf
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Daftar Pustaka321.3 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
LAMPIRAN.pdf
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