Perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

Abstract

The potency of capture fisheries in the North Gorontalo itself has not been known so far, especially for dominant species that caught from the waters of North Gorontalo. Nevertheless, an understanding of fish resource potency is important to optimize the management of the resource by fishers, private sector as well as government. Fisheries management in the North Gorontalo District is still conducted by government through fisheries development policies, however the output sometimes has not been matched with the government expectation. The fisheries development policies were implemented by several programs for example fishing technology development of purse seine that managed by fishers group, and grant of outboard fishing boat, whereas these programs were failed. Now, the fisheries development policy that still continued done by the government is the policy of capture fisheries minapolitan.Some constrains in fisheries development require the attention of government and stakeholders in carefully formulating and assigning each policy in accordance with the expected goal and supporting factors for the successfull of the policy. Therefore, it needs on the assessment of capture fisheries development that becomes one of the reference for fisheries development policies. The methods used were first, to analysis appropriatness of the capture fisheries minapolitan policy based on the guideline of minapolitan which was published by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries; second, to analysis fish resource potency through surplus production model; third, financial analysis for fishing units that feasible to be developed; fourth, structural equation model (SEM) analysis for determining the influence factors toward capture fisheries development; and fifth, to design the capture fisheries development model. The result showed that North Gorontalo District was not feasible to become a center of minapolitan capture fisheries program. The potencial fish resources that could be developed consist of trevally, sardine, mackerel, anchovies, tuna, and frigate mackerel. Fishing units that feasible to be developed were purse seine, longline, boat liftnet, gillnet, boat seine, basket trap, hand line, and guiding barrier trap. Factors affected to the capture fisheries development were the economic aspect that consist of market, partnership, capital support, and fish price.Based on the analysis of fish resources that could be potencially developed, the feasible fishing units, and the factors influenced to the capture fisheries development, therefore the design model of capture fisheries development in the North Gorontalo District was created.

Sumberdaya perikanan di Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara meliputi perikanan tangkap dan perikanan budidaya. Salah satu potensi sumberdaya perikanan yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan adalah sumberdaya perikanan tangkap. Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara yang termasuk pada wilayah pengelolaan perikanan (WPP) Laut Sulawesi sampai Samudera Pasifik diperkirakan mempunyai potensi perikanan tangkap sebesar 590.970 ton yang terdiri dari ikan pelagis besar 175.260 ton, ikan pelagis kecil 384.750 ton, dan jenis ikan lainnya sebesar 30.960 ton (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara, 2010). Potensi perikanan tangkap di perairan Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara saat ini, belum diketahui berapa besar potensi per jenis ikan, terutama untuk jenis ikan yang dominan tertangkap di perairan tersebut. Pentingnya mengetahui potensi sumberdaya ikan adalah untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan terhadap sumberdaya ikan oleh nelayan, swasta dan pemerintah. Pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan di Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara masih dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui kebijakan pengembangan perikanan, hanya saja hasilnya belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh pemerintah. Kebijakan tersebut diantaranya adalah pengembangan teknologi alat tangkap purse seine yang dikelola secara kelompok dan bantuan perahu bermesin yang mengalami kegagalan. Saat ini, kebijakan pengembangan perikanan yang masih dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah kebijakan minapolitan perikanan tangkap. Berbagai kendala dalam pengembangan perikanan, mengharuskan pemerintah dan stakeholder untuk cermat dalam merumuskan dan menetapkan setiap kebijakan sesuai dengan tujuan yang diharapkan serta faktor-faktor yang mendukung tercapainya suatu kebijakan pengembangan perikanan tangkap. Untuk itu, perlunya suatu kajian pengembangan perikanan tangkap yang menjadi salah satu acuan kebijakan pengembangan perikanan, khususnya perikanan tangkap. Tujuan penelitian yaitu: pertama mengevaluasi implementasi program minapolitan perikanan tangkap Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara, kedua menentukan