Direction of policy for sustainable human settlement area development in the Fringe of the DKI Metropolitan (Case Study: Settlement area at Cisauk – Banten Province)

Abstract

Urbanization has increased the urban population significantly, especially at metro and large cities in Indonesia and about 20% of those lived at Jabodetabek metropolitan area. As a result, there were land issues and human settlement inadequate development. Many people moved to the fringe area and contributed to land use changes. The study was conducted in Cisauk settlement areas, Banten province. This research aims mainly to indicate alternatives of sustainable policy directions to the development of urban settlement area in the fringe of the DKI Jakarta metropolitan. The study consisted of four objectives: (1) to understand dynamic of urban settlement area development in the DKI Jakarta metropolitan systems, (2) to perceive sustainable index in Cisauk based on ecological, social, and economic aspects, (3) to identify key factors that fulfill the sustainability requirements, (4) to build policy direction for the development of urban settlements area in the DKI Metropolitan fringe area. The development of metropolitan area is affected by people growth and distribution, social-economypolitic activities, infrastructures, transportation network systems, land policy, and space planning. Urban areas are designed according to the hierarchy based on functions and magnitudes. The characteristics of sub river basin middle areas, in large part, consist of cultivation areas and likely not to produce negative impacts to the downstream areas. Ecology approach is needed since there is indication that the settlement development areas at Cisauk put more attention to the economy aspects than ecology aspects. Systemic approach is needed to analyse complex environmental problems. The study indicates some results. First, there has been a dynamic development of settlement in the DKI Jakarta metropolitan area between 1990 – 2010 related to migration of population, regional infrastructure development, private investment on large scale development as well as the new municipality in relation to the new autonomy-decentralization policy of Indonesia in 2000. Second, at present, the sustainable level of Cisauk urban settlement is in moderate sustainable level (55.93%). However, in terms of ecological aspect, it has a low sustainable level (45.35%). Third, the most influencing factors in Cisauk urban settlement development are land use change, infrastructure development, social cohesions, and population growth and distribution. Beside of those four factors, Cisadane river basin condition is a factor that has strong influences although it has high dependences. The implication is that Cisadane river basin condition is a critical factor influencing the Cisauk settlement sustainability. Policy directions for the development of Cisauk urban settlement area were directed through moderate scenario concerning of ecological, social, and economic dimensions in order to achieve a higher sustainability level

Urbanisasi telah memacu pertumbuhan penduduk perkotaan di Indonesia dengan pesat. Pada tahun 1980 jumlah penduduk perkotaan 32,8 juta jiwa atau 22.3% dari total penduduk nasional, tahun 2000 menjadi 85 juta jiwa atau 42% dari total penduduk nasional, dan diperkirakan tahun 2015, akan mencapai 150 juta jiwa atau sekitar 60% dari total penduduk nasional (BPS 2003). Penyebaran penduduk perkotaan tersebut terkonsentrasi di kota-kota besar dan metropolitan, dan diperkirakan sebesar 20% berada di Jabodetabek (Firman, 2002). Pertambahan penduduk perkotaan yang pesat tersebut mengakibatkan melonjaknya harga lahan di kota besar dan metropolitan sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya kelangkaan lahan. Di kawasan strategis perkotaan terjadi perubahan fungsi kawasan permukiman menjadi perdagangan dan jasa dan di pinggiran kota terjadi alih guna lahan pertanian produktif dan konservasi menjadi kawasan permukiman, industri dan lainnya. Kota Jakarta merupakan kota metropolitan terbesar di Indonesia, dengan luas 60,000 ha, jumlah penduduk sekitar 8.5 juta jiwa (BPS DKI Jakarta, Maret 2009), dan aglomerasinya berupa Metropolitan Jakarta yang mencakup sebagian wilayah provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten. Perkembangan intensif Jakarta ke arah barat daya berlangsung sejak tahun 1990an terutama setelah berlangsungnya pembangunan jalan tol Jakarta–Serpong dan kota mandiri Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD City). Aglomerasi perkotaan terbentuk di kawasan ini dengan pusat kedua setelah Jakarta adalah Tangerang dan kemudian Serpong dan Ciputat. Kawasan permukiman di Cisauk, provinsi Banten dengan penduduk 105,307 jiwa pada tahun 2009 menjadi hinterland dari kota Serpong dengan aksesibilitas yang baik berupa jalan tol, jalur KA, dan jaringan jalan arteri.