Peran aparatur pemerintahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Aparatur pemerintahan di daerah memiliki peran yang sangat penting di dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan dan pembangunan, khususnya pemerintahan tingkat perdesaan di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Tuntutan otonomi daerah, dampak globalisasi, good governance, reformasi dan tuntutan kebutuhan pemberdayaan masyarakat seluruhnya membuktikan pentingnya peran aparatur pemerintahan tersebut. Kepemimpinan adalah salah satu faktor penting yang dominan dalam manajemen pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif, di samping aspek lainnya antara lain: kualitas sumber daya manusia, kepekaan dan kepedulian aparatur, dan tingkat pendidikan pegawai. Mengubah kultur dan akses terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi baik pada kalangan aparatur maupun masyarakat adalah kunci sukses pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif. Selama ini banyak program pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan belum berhasil secara optimal karena faktor tersebut di atas belum mendukung. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian explanatory melalui penelitian deskriptif dan penelitian asosiatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan; (2) Menganalisis pembinaan dan pengembangan aparatur dan kepemimpinan pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan; (3) Menganalisis tingkat keeratan hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang saling terkait dalam manajemen pemerintahan dan pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan; (4) Mempelajari aspek koordinasi dan komunikasi tentang penanganan permasalahan pembangunan sesuai respon masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif dan (5) Merumuskan strategi manajemen pemerintahan dan pembangunan perdesaan partisipatif di Kabupaten Bone dan Kabupaten Jeneponto Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.

In the new autonomy era, the arrangement of government institutions in the region, especially in the participatory rural development is very important and urgent. The objectives of the study are to: (1) indentify factors affecting the management of participatory rural development; (2) analyze the supervision and the development of the government officials and the leadership of participatory rural development; (3) analyze the correlation between related factors of the management of government and the participatory rural development; (4) study the aspects of coordination and communication on the problems of development based on community response to the participatory rural development; and (5) formulate management strategic to the participatory rural development in Bone and Jeneponto Regencies of South Sulawesi province.The study was conducted by survey method and direct observation. The respondents were the total of 200 and chosen based on probability and non probability sampling techniques. The data were analyzed based on qualitative and quantitative and the Rank Spearman and Canonic correlations were employed. Several results of the study are illustrated. There are three important aspects in the effort to create the prospect of the management of government and participatory rural development: aspects of leadership, good governance and the aspects of sensitivity and concern for the officers. The level of stakeholders participation in all elements of Bone and Jeneponto regencies of South Sulawesi Province can be categorized as medium. Achievement motivation and increased competence to the officers should be a prerequisite condition of adequate welfare, a clear career path, and the improvement of internal aspects of the system and working procedures and institutional structures of government. Community empowerment program has been running well, but there are still weak in terms such as socialization and the awareness of citizens. One of the recommendation of the study is the strategy of extension through education and training and other programs related to new public management and human resources development of the government officials and the community need to be implemented and supported by political synergism between the government (as an executive) and the legislators in Bone and Jeneponto Regencies of South Sulawesi province. Bureaucratic reforms should remain the important agenda to implement the new public management by implementing universal values and local wisdoms in reality.