Inhibition Mechanism of Atherosclerosis Initiation at Cellular Level by Curcuminoid of Temu Mangga Extract (Curcuma mangga).

Abstract

Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) is a potent medicinal herb which functions as an antioxidant because of its curcuminoid content. The curcuminoid has been shown to reduce the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation. The oxidation of LDL is believed to be the initiating factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. An adhesion molecule is a protein that is expressed to the cell surface when disturbed endothelial function. Proteoglican (PG) is an extracellular matrix found on the cell surface of blood vessels and PG could change in association at development of atherosclerosis. The study aims to assess the potential of the curcuminoids extract inhibiting LDL oxidation and expression of an adhesion molecules on endothelial surface and the role proteoglycan to LDL retention in vitro. The LDL was harvested and isolated from five adult male Macaca fascicularis fed an aterogenic diet for three months. Curcuminoid compound was isolated using ethanol and water solouble.Smooth muscle cells isolated from white rat’s aorta coronary. Macrophages was isolated from peritoneal of mice and monocyte of M nemestrina. Analyses the oxidation LDL were done by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as malonaldehyde (MDA). The fractions of curcuminoid was analized using HPLC. An adhesion molecules was examined immunohistochemical staining that reacted with anti VCAM-1 antibody and anti ICAM-1 antibody. The measured was hexaronat acid using HPLC method and then converted as proteoglican. The results showed as 1.84% curcuminoids from yield of rhizomes temu mango. The quantitative analysis showed is curcuminoids extracts consist of curcumine (6.2%), demetoxi-curcumine (2.3%) and bis-demetoxi curcumine (3.0%). The result of inhibiton of LDL oxidation in macrophage of mice and M. nemestrina were curcuminoid at eight ppm for four hours and six hours incubation (P<001). These data suggest that curcuminoid extract of temu mangga was able to inhibit LDL oxidation to macrophages of mice and Macaca nemestra. There was inhibited of 13.068% of oxidation LDL at eight ppm four hours incubation to macrophages of mice compared control without curcuminoid. Inhibiton of oxidation LDL at macrophages of M. nemestrina by curcuminoid at eight ppm for six hours incubation there was 24.282%. The results of adhesion molecule of ICAM-1 molecules can be expressed with brownish yellow color, whereas the VCAM-1 molecules did not expressed on the cell surface. The result of hexarunate acid could not be detected.