Kajian model kesesuaian pemanfaatan sumberdaya pulau-pulau kecil berbasis kerentanan dan daya dukung di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

The research was conducted from October 2007 until December 2009 located in Small Islands, Pangkep District which included Balang Lompo, Balang Caddi, Panambungan, Sanane, Badi, Pajenekang, and Bontosua islands. The study were aimed 1) to estimate physical, economical, and social vulnerability of small islands, 2) to estimate carrying capacity of proper utilization of small islands resources based on vulnerability analysis 3) to calculate optimization and carrying capacity levels of tourism and reef fishery resources utilizations, and 4) to develop an appropriate management design of small islands based on bio-technical, environmental, social and cultural, and institutional aspects. Calculations of physical vulnerability factors SLR, wave height, slope, elevation, tidal and geomorphology of the islands were conducted based on 10 years time series data from 2001 to 2010. Social and economic vulnerability factors were calculated based on land characteristics, population pressure, sea level rise impact, economic openness, and economic isolation index. Vulnerability data (physical and social economic vulnerability) were aggregated to design island maps using GIS. Land suitability for tourism activities (snorkeling, diving, fishing, housing, sunbathing) were also analyzed using GIS. The results of land suitability were then overlaid with vulnerability factors to obtain appropriate areas for the small island utilizations. The study of physical and social economy aspects showed Badi island and Sanane island had very high vulnerable, Balang Caddi island, Bontosua island, and Balang Lompo island had high susceptibility, whereas Bontosua island, Langkadea island and Panambungan island had moderate vulnerability. The analysis of land suitability showed that the resource allocation that could be utilized for residential area was 39.93 ha and unutilized resource allocation for residence was 18.92 ha. However, after overlaying with vulnerability factors, the analysis resulted the resource allocation that could be utilized for residential area was 24.19 ha and unutilized resource allocation for residence was 36.78 ha. The land resource could be exploited for tourism was 1,009.5 ha and 121.23 ha area could not be exploited for tourism but after overlaying with vulnerability factors, the land resource could be exploited and unable to be exploited for tourism was 807.26 ha and 287.99 ha respectively. Carrying capacity analysis of reef fish fishery in particular showed MSY 3,641.30 ton, CPUE 199,622.67 unit, and carrying capacity 90,207.93 indicating fishing activity was still worth to be continued.,and Tourism carrying capacity of the small islands could accommodate 2.301 tourist/ year. Based on prospective analysis, there were six main component should be considered for suistanability small island management, those were political will of the government, the presence of freshwater, ecosystem, the number and quality of human resource and the availability and carrying capacity of small island.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengestimasi tingkat kerentanan pulau-pulau kecil di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, 2) Mengembangkan dan menentukan kesesuaian spasial untuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya pulau-pulau kecil berdasarkan estimasi kerentanan di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, 3) Menghitung daya dukung dan tingkat optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan pulau-pulau kecil di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan, 4) Mendesain skenario pengelolaan sumberdaya pulau-pulau kecil di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2007- Desember 2009, yang bertempat di Pulau-pulau Kecil Kecamatan Liukang Tupabbiring, Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, yang meliputi Pulau Balang Lompo, Pulau Balang Caddi, Pulau Langkadea, Pulau Panambungan, Pulau Badi, Pulau Bontosua, Pulau Pajenekang dan Pulau Sanane. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kerentanan lingkungan yang meliputi variabel kenaikan muka laut, tinggi gelombang, rata-rata pasang surut, geomorfologi, kemiringan lahan, kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang dan jenisnya, serta kondisi lamun dan jenis lamun. Kerentanan ekonomi meliputi variabel keterbukaan ekonomi, dampak kenaikan muka laut, keterpencilan ekonomi, karakteristik lahan, keterisolasian pulau, tekanan penduduk dan degradasi lahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) analisis SIG untuk pemetaan kerentanan pulau dan analisis kesesuaian spasial, 2) analisis Ecological footprint dan HANPP serta optimalisasi untuk mengetahui daya dukung pemanfaatan sumberdaya pulau-pulau kecil, 3) analisis multi kriteria dan analisis prospektif untuk mengetahui bentuk pengelolaan sumberdaya pulau-pulau kecil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pulau yang memiliki kerentanan tinggi terdapat di Pulau Sanane, Pulau Langkadea dan Pulau Pajenekang. Pulau yang memiliki kerentanan sedang terdapat di Pulau Balang Lompo, Pulau Panambungan, Pulau Bontosua dan Pulau Badi dan pulau yang memiliki kerentanan rendah terdapat di Pulau Balang Caddi.