Aktivitas anti-proliferasi dan anti-invasi dari ekstrak kloroform dan metanol daun nusa indah putih (Mussaenda philippica) pada sel lestari tumor secara in vitro

Abstract

A growth inhibition effect study of Mussoenda philippica leave extracts was conducted using two tumor derived cell lines, canes mammary gland tumor (MCM-B2) and human leukimia (K562) in order to evaluate their activities on cell proliferation and invasion. The plants were extracted using chloroform and methanol solutions. Lethal concentration-50 (LC₅₉) of the extracts were determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. The anti-proliferation activity of the extracts was performed using a Trypan Blue staining methods and cells were counted with a hemacytometer. The plant extracs were significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor drived cell lines in vitro (P<0.05) and this activity was dose dependent. The LC₅₀ for chloroform extract of was 72.8262 ppm, and the tested dose for this extract were 50, 75, 100, dan 125 ppm while for methanol extract the LC₅₀ was 264.115 ppm and the tested dose were 50, 300, 550, 800, ppm. The highest growth inhibition effect of the chloroform extract on each cell lines were 45% for MCM-B2 cell and 37% for K562 cell, this activity was occurred on the dose of 100 ppm. On the methanol extract, the highest activity for MCM-B2 cell lines was 52% at the concentration of 550 ppm, while on the K562 cell was 40% and achieved on the dose of 800 ppm. The invasion capability of tumor cells was also inhibited by the two extracts. From this study we concluded that chloroform and methanol extracts of Mussaenda philippica contained substances that can inhibit the growth of some tumor cell in vitro, therefore was suggest that both extracts have a possibility and could be used as a source of anti-tumor substances in the treatment of tumor disorders both in animal and human. Isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds of both plants are in progress.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang aktifitas anti-proliferasi dan anti-invasi secara in vitro dari ekstrak kloroform dan metanol daun nusa indah putih (Mussaenda philippica) pada dua jenis sel lestari tumor yaitu sel tumor leukimia manusia K562 dan sel tumor payudara anjing MCM-B2. Empat tingkatan dosis masing-masing dari ekstrak yaitu ekstrak kloroform (50, 70, 100, dan 125 ppm) dan ekstrak metanol (50, 300, 550, 800 ppm) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kedua ekstrak ternyata mempunyai daya anti-proliferasi terhadap kedua sel uji (P<0,05), dan persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan ini berkorelasi dengan meningkatnya dosis ekstrak. Dosis 100 ppm ekstrak kloroform tampaknya merupakan dosis optimal dalam penghambatan proliferasi sel tumor K562 (sebesar 37%) maupun MCM-B2 (sebesar 45%), sedangkan untuk ekstrak metanol dosis 800ppm memberikan aktifitas penghambatan tertinggi pada sel tumor K562 (sebesar 40%) dan untuk sel lestari MCM-B2 penghambatan tertinggi sebesar 52% terjadi pada dosis 550ppm. Daya invasi sel lestari tumor pada media gel kolagen juga dihambat dengan pemberian kedua jenis ekstrak tersebut di atas. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasi bahwa ekstrak kloroform maupun metanol dari daun nusa indah memiliki aktifitas dalam menghambat proliferasi dan invasi sel tumor lestari secara in vitro, dan hal ini memberikan harapan bahwa kedua ekstrak tersebut dapat digunakan dalam mengatasi penyakit tumor pada hewan maupun manusia. Isolasi dan identifikasi kandungan bahan bioaktif dari ekstrak tanaman ini sedang dilakukan.