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Title: | Perkembangan Mikrospora dalam Kultur Antera dan Viabilitas Polen Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Microspore Development in Anther Culture and Pollen Viability of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). |
Authors: | Supena, Ence Darmo Jaya Sumaryono Purnamasari, Ita |
Keywords: | Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) oil palm pollen microspore gametophytic viability germination |
Issue Date: | 2012 |
Abstract: | Development of haploid technology via induction of in vitro androgenesis is the most common approach to produce pure lines in a short period of time. Introduction of this technology on oil palm will speed up the development of hybrid variety to increase plant productivity. Unfortunately it has not been reported successful yet, in which could be influenced by the physiology and capability of microspores to develop at in vitro conditions. For these reason, gametophytic development of microspores of oil palm in a double layer medium along with the viability of pollen were observed as the first step to develop androgenesis technique. Morphology of male inflorescences was observed to determine the developmental phase of microspore used as the material for androgenesis induction. The anther for androgenesis induction with more than 50% microspore at late stage of uninucleat to early binucleat phase could be isolated from the upper part of spikelet located at the middle part of the male inflorescence with ½ part of spatha was opened. Viability of oil palm pollen was up to 95%, in which the time needed for viability test with enzymatic reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride was only 4 hours, and germination test with hanging drop method was 12-14 hours. The late uninucleat microspore showed better gametogenesis development response than the early-middle uninucleat microspore on in vitro culture. Maltose 4% as the carbon source in the medium can support the development of two groups of microspore to mature pollen on in vitro culture Pengembangan teknologi haploid melalui induksi androgenesis secara in vitro merupakan alternatif yang banyak ditempuh untuk mendapatkan galur murni secara singkat. Penerapan teknologi ini pada kelapa sawit akan mempercepat pengembangan varietas hibrida untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Namun sampai saat ini usaha tersebut belum dilaporkan berhasil. Hal ini erat kaitannya dengan fisiologi dan kemampuan sel mikrospora untuk berkembang dalam kondisi in vitro. Oleh karena itu, perkembangan gametofitik mikrospora dalam kultur antera dengan sistem media dua lapis serta viabilitas polen kelapa sawit perlu diamati sebagai langkah awal untuk mengembangkan teknik androgenesis. Ciri morfologi malai jantan diamati untuk menentukan stadia perkembangan mikrospora yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan untuk induksi androgenesis. Antera untuk induksi androgenesis kelapa sawit dengan populasi mikrospora stadium uninukleat akhir sampai binukleat awal lebih dari 50% dapat diisolasi dari bunga pada ujung spikelet yang terletak di tengah malai dengan spata ½ terbuka. Polen kelapa sawit memiliki viabilitas yang tinggi, yaitu sebesar 95% dengan waktu yang diperlukan untuk pengujian viabilitas melalui reduksi enzimatik trifenil tetrazolium klorida cukup 4 jam, sedangkan untuk perkecambahan dengan metode hanging drop perlu waktu 12-14 jam. Mikrospora uninukleat stadium akhir menunjukkan respon perkembangan gametogenesis yang lebih stabil daripada uninukleat awal-tengah pada kultur in vitro. Penggunaan sumber karbon maltosa 4% dalam media dapat mendukung perkembangan kedua kelompok mikrospora tersebut menjadi polen matang dalam kultur in vitro. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/54681 |
Appears in Collections: | UT - Biology |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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G12ipu_Abstrak.pdf Restricted Access | Abstrak | 288.71 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu_BAB I Pendahuluan.pdf Restricted Access | BAB I | 319.64 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu_BAB II Bahan dan Metode.pdf Restricted Access | BAB II | 320.24 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu_BAB III Hasil dan Pembahasan.pdf Restricted Access | BAB III | 487.76 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu_BAB IV Simpulan.pdf Restricted Access | BAB IV | 289.91 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu_Cover.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 381.74 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu_Daftar Pustaka.pdf Restricted Access | daftar pustaka | 283.52 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
G12ipu.pdf Restricted Access | Full text | 694.52 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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