Studies on the behavior housewives in home pesticide usage In Special Capital Region Jakarta

Abstract

Urban pests such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, ants, termites and rodents are commonly associated with health issues and some are actual disease vectors that can cause severe health problems in a community. Currently, mosquitoes are the main cause of the deadly human diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, and malaria. To control these pests, people commonly use home pesticides because pesticides are considered practical, effective and efficient. However, pesticide uses can has negatively impact human health as well as the environment.The objectives of this study were to examine the behavior of Jakarta residence toward home pesticides use and to assess its impact on the incidence of poisoning the communities.The study was conducted in Jakarta from March to December 2005, with data updated in 2010 and 2011. The object of the research was the homemaker of the households, since women are primarily the decision makers for pesticide application. The study sites were divided into three categories, based on residential conditions : dirty, medium and clean. Information of 155 respondents in several residences in the areas of Jakarta was taken as samples. Observations on the presence of urban pests in the study were done by method landing baiting collection for mosquito, method of feeding to cockroaches and flies, direct counting for ants, and theswing system for termite. The study revealed that cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, ants and termites are urban pests that are commonly found in households. Pesticide’s that were mostly used has the active ingredient of cypermethrin, imiprothrin and tansfluthrin. Results of the survey showed that 52.74% of respondents acknowledge that TV advertising is an important source of information in providing knowledge about the types of pesticides and 27.40% of respondents know the types of pesticides from experience of her parent behavior. The impact of pesticide exposure on human health can be seen from the symptoms of poisoning or symptoms similar to intoxication. A total of 46.3% housewives surveyed showed symptoms associated with respiratory problems, 5.9% experienced dizziness, 11.1% felt itchy skin, 7.4% of respondents felt nausea and vomiting and as much as 3.7% experienced fainting. Based on the survey, it is known that the characteristic level of education and income levels affect the attitude of homemakers (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) in pesticides used. The attitudes in home pesticide use did not correlate with behavior on the pesticides. Housewives behavior in pesticides use is more influenced by: (1) the level of pest population settlements, (2) advertising and (3) the ease in obtaining home pesticides.

Hama permukiman yang ada di daerah permukiman seperti kecoa, nyamuk, lalat, rayap dan tikus dapat menularkan penyakit manusia dan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Saat ini, nyamuk adalah serangga utama yang menjadi vektor penyakit mematikan, seperti demam berdarah, cikungunya, dan malaria. Pencegahan penyakit tersebut umumnya diutamakan pada pengendalian vektor dengan berbagai cara, seperti aplikasi pestisida rumah tangga, raket listrik, cara-cara tradisional lainnya yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas (kelambu, pintu atau jendela berkassa, perangkap telur/ovitrap), sanitasi, atau fogging. Namun masyarakat cenderung menggunakan pestisida rumah tangga untuk mengendalikan hama permukiman yang mengganggu di lingkungan tinggal karena dianggap lebih praktis, efektif dan efisien, sehingga pestisida rumah tangga menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat bagi sebagian besar orang Indonesia, terutama mereka yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Namun masyarakat tidak tahu, bahwa pilihan tersebut memiliki dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis hama permukiman dan mengkaji lingkungan yang menyebabkan munculnya hama permukiman di Jakarta, 2) mengkaji perilaku ibu rumah tangga dalam menggunakan pestisida di lingkungan tempat tinggal, 3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku penggunaan pestisida oleh ibu rumah tangga di lingkungan tempat tinggal dan 4) mengkaji dampak penggunaan pestisida di lingkungan rumah tangga terhadap keracunan di masyarakat.