Rancang bangun model pemberdayaan masyarakat perdesaan dalam klaster agroindustri minyak atsiri (studi kasus: minyak nilam)

Abstract

Patchouli oil is an essential oil commodity in Indonesia. A research on design of empowerment on rural communities in agroindustry cluster of essential oils has been conducted using system approach which aim was to establish its Decision Support System (DSS). The research produced DSS model of comprehensive essential oil agroindustry from farming and small refinement industry that harmoniously accommodate the needs of stakeholders and should be effectively used by the decision makers facing dynamic changes and information updating. Analytical tools such as cost analysis, Fibonacci technique, OPTSYS programme, IPMS (Integrated Performance Measurement System), FGD (Focus Group Discussion), AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), pairwise comparison and ISM (Interpretive Modelling System) were applied. The DSS software called PAP-Klaster that consist of several modules, namely the feasibility analysis of farming and post harvesting with a result of being feasible (Farming IRR= 14.6%, B/C ratio= 1.35; Small refinement industry IRR= 47.99%, B/C ratio= 1.69), selling price equilibrium of patchouli and patchouli oil which provide a proportionate profit margin (selling price equilibrium of patchouli: Rp 1 483/kg, selling price equilibrium of patchouli oil: Rp 396 770/kg ), performance measurement of farming and post harvesting in agroindustry cluster system resulting to the identification of 16 Key Performance Indicator (KPI) from 56 Performance Indicator (PI). Conceptual model of agroindustry cluster of essential oils that end result could arrange institutional engineering and found key elements such as sector of society, needs, constraints, goals, possible changes, benchmarks, activities needed for action planning and institution involved. Institutional engineering resulting Jejaring Usaha PAP-Klaster and Forum Lintas Pelaku Klaster Agroindustri Minyak Atsiri. This model was verified through case study on patchouli oil agroindustry in Kuningan and Brebes regency. Empowerment of rural communities in essential oil agroindustry not only improves the welfare of agroindustry entrepreneurs but also will improve the welfare of patchouli plant growers.

Salah satu komoditas pertanian yang memiliki potensi yang besar adalah minyak atsiri. Di antara berbagai minyak atsiri yang ada di Indonesia, minyak nilam (patchouli oil) mempunyai pangsa ekspor Indonesia yang tinggi, dibandingkan dengan jenis minyak atsiri lainnya. Dalam klaster minyak nilam akan terbentuk jaringan dan aliansi pelaku agribisnis sehingga menciptakan sebuah mata rantai nilai yang akan meningkatkan nilai tambah pada rantai nilai tersebut. Indonesia hanya sebagai price taker dalam perdagangan minyak nilam walaupun merupakan pemasok terbesar minyak nilam. Pemberdayaan masyarakat agroindustri minyak atsiri di perdesaan akan memberikan efek berganda berupa peningkatan kesejahteraan petani dan penyuling tanaman atsiri mengingat mayoritas perkebunan tanaman atsiri yang ada adalah perkebunan rakyat. Model pemberdayaan masyarakat perdesaan dalam klaster agroindustri minyak atsiri dibuat dalam perangkat lunak Sistem Penunjang Keputusan (SPK) PAP-Klaster. Model ini terdiri dari: 1) model kelayakan usaha yang memiliki dua sub model yaitu sub model kelayakan usahatani dan sub model kelayakan usaha industri kecil penyulingan; 2) model kesepakatan harga yang memiliki dua sub model yaitu sub model kesepakatan harga usahatani dan sub model kesepakatan harga industri kecil penyulingan; 3) model kinerja usahatani dan industri kecil penyulingan; dan 4) model kelembagaan. Model analisis