The Association of Food Consumption and Antenatal Care to the Maternal Nutritional Status and Infant Weight and Lenght in Bogor Municipality

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to analyze the association between food consumption and antenatal care practices to the maternal nutrtional status and infant weight and length. The cross-sectional study was done in Bogor Municipality, samples were 45 pregnant women in Bogor Municipality. The results showed that a total of 53.3 to 88.9% of pregnant women have poor levels (< 70% RDA) of nutrient consumption, especially of the energy, protein, iron, and vitamin A. Besides that, about 77.8% pregnant women have a low diversity of food consumption. Personal antenatal care was applied among 67% of women such as specific exercise or taking a certain food. Meanwhile, about 95.6% of pregnant women attended the Puskesmas or Posyandu for taking minimum of standard health care. It was found that about 22,2% of pregnant mother having CAC < 23,5 cm was suffer chronic energy malnutrion, prevalence of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) was 22.2%, and iron deficiency was 37.8% (ferritin < 20 μg/L). The logistic regression analysis showed that socioeconomic characteristics and maternal characteristics have a positive associated on food consumption and health examination, variables which associated with food consumtion is family income (OR = 0,01; 95% CI: 0,00-0,72) and maternal education (OR = 5,49; 95% CI: 1,13-26,71). In other hands, food consumption and antenatal care have a positive associated on maternal nutrition, but no variables significantly associated with the maternal nutritional status (p > 0.05). The results of logistic regression also showed that fodd consumption and antenatal care have a positive associated on birth weight and length, but no variables significantly associated with the birth weight and lenght (p > 0.05).

Kekurangan zat gizi selama masa kehamilan, khususnya KEK dan anemia dapat menimbulkan dampak seperti meningkatnya prevalensi kematian dan kesakitan ibu, sedangkan bagi bayi dapat meningkatkan risiko kesakitan dan kematian bayi serta berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR). Perawatan kesehatan ibu hamil atau antenatal care berguna untuk mendeteksi dini kelainan dan penyakit yang diderita selama kehamilan serta sebagai sarana untuk mengatasi masalah kurang gizi selama kehamilan. Depkes (2010) melaporkan bahwa cakupan pemeriksaan kesehatan ibu hamil telah mencapai angka 83,8% tetapi jika ditinjau menurut kelengkapan frekuensi kunjungan pada trimester I hingga trimester III diketahui bahwa hanya 64,1 % ibu yang memeriksaan kesehatan ≥ 4 kali. Pemeriksaan kesehatan ibu hamil dalam antenatal care yang dicanangkan oleh pemerintah meliputi 10 kegiatan yang salah satunya adalah pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD), dimana cakupannya sudah mencapai angka 92,2%, namun masih tingginya prevalensi anemia (40,1%) disebabkan rendahnya kepatuhan populasi target dalam konsumsi akibat persepsi masyarakat mengenai rasa dan efek samping TTD.