The use of bioagentsTrichodermaspp. and bacteria cellulotic.as decomposer of Ageratum conyzoides var hirtum (Lam), Tithonia diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray and Sago Waste to produce organic fertilizer for Chili (Capsicum annuum L.).

Abstract

Ageratum conzoides var hirtum (Lam), Tithonia diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray and waster sago can be used as organic fertilizer or compost. Some isolates of Trichodermaspp. and bacteria cellulotic had been tested as the antagonize agent for controllingPhytophthora capsici(wilt disease on chili). These microorganism were used as decomposer of weeds, A.conyzoideshirtum var (Lam), T.diversifolia(Hamsley) A. Gray, and sago waste. The aims of the study were to select microbes that has capability to degradation cellulose and able to accelerate the composting process of A.conyzoideshirtum var (Lam), T.diversifolia(Hamsley) A. Gray, and sago waste; and determine the effect of formula compost on plant growth of chili, resistance to infection of P. capsici L and yield of chili. This study was conducted in three phases: 1). Selection of Trichoderma spp and bacteria isolates on Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) media, 2). Composting A.conyzoides var hirtum (Lam), T.diversifolia(Hamsley) A. Gray and sago waste by isolates ofTrichoderma spp and bacteria cellulotic which had been selected; 3). Application of compost formulas on chiliplants. The visualization of cellulase activities on CMC mediawere shown as the clear zone around the colony. Six isolates of Trichoderma spp (PO3, S1, N34, IU, PB 13, SKM) have the clear zone ratio range between 3.0 -5.3 and six isolates of bacteria (St109, Sk7, Cm58, Sk14, Sk 10 and St18) havethe clear zone ratio range between 2.6 to 5.4; were selected to decompose weeds and sago waste.The result showed that Trichoderma spp and bacteria cellulotic inoculantsor themixed of them were able to reduce the duration of composting process from 17–18 days to 13-15 days. The products of compost formula are appropriate with the SNI19-7030-2004 and standards minimumof technical organicfertilizer.Application of compost formulas and goat manure on chili plants affected the growth, the disease attacked and the yield of chili. The application of formula D{goat manure+A. conyzoides var hirtum (Lam)+ sago waste} caused the diseaseattacked about 33.3%but the yield was 524,56 g. While the diseaseattackedatgoat manuretreatment was 16.67% and the yield was 132.3 g. Formula D increased the yield of chili 3.96 times compare than goat manure only.

Kandungan hara biomassa gulma berkisar dari sedang hingga tinggi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber bahan organik,diantaranyaAgeratum conyzoides var hirtum (Lamb) dan Tithonia diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray, selain itu limbah pertanian lainnya yang juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan organik adalah ampas sagu.Pemanfaatan mikroba mesofilik selain mempercepat proses pengomposan juga dapat memperbaiki kualitas kompos. Beberapa mikroba dekomposer dapat bertahan dalam komposdanberperan sebagai agen hayati pengendali penyakit tanamanan terutama patogen tular tanah. Bakteri antagonis yang banyak terdapat dalam kompos misalnya Bacillus spp, Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas sppsedangkan golongan fungi antagonis adalah Trichoderma spp, Penicillium spp, Aspergillus spp. Sejumlah hasil penelitian melaporkan bahwa penggunaan kompos sebagai penyedia hara mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan patogen. Penelitian dilakuan sejak Mei 2010 sampai Mei 2011 di Laboratorium Balitro dan Kebun percobaan Cikabayan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu 1).Seleksi Trichodema spp dan bakteri selulotik pada media agar Carboxy Methyl cellulose(CMC); 2).Pengomposan A.conyzoides varhirtum(Lam), T.diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray, serta ampas sagu dan 3).Aplikasi kompos pada tanaman cabai.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada tahap tiga adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 11 perlakuan formula kompos yaitu A). Pukan+A.conyzoidesvar hirtum (Lam); B). Pukan+T.diversifolia(Hamsley) A.Gray; C).Pukan+ampas sagu; D).Pukan+A.conyzoidesvar hirtum (Lam)+ampas sagu; E). Pukan+T.diversifolia(Hamsley) A.Gray+ampas sagu; F). Pukan+A.conyzoidesvar hirtum (Lam)+ampas sagu+Trichoderma spp; G).Pukan+A.conyzoidesvar hirtum (Lam)+ampas sagu+bakteri; H).Pukan+T. diversifolia(Hamsley) A.Gray+ampas sagu+Trichoderma spp; I).pukan + T. diversifolia(Hamsley) A.Gray+ampas sagu +bakteri;J). Pukan+A.conyzoidesvar hirtum (Lam)+ampas sagu+Trichoderma spp+bakteri; K).Pukan+T.diversifolia(Hamsley) A.Gray+ampas sagu+Trichodermaspp + bakteri dan sebagai kontrol digunakanpupuk kandang kotoran kambing.Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali dan tiapperla-kuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman contohdalam 10 polybag sehingga dibutuhkan 360 tanaman cabai.