Model of environmental conflict management in protection forest area (a case study In Register 45b Bukit Rigis Protection Forest Area, Lampung Province)

Abstract

Environment conflict of forest management is the relationship between two or more parties that having and/or who feel having disagreement of goals in forest management because of differences in social relationships/ communication, interests, data and information, values, and structural, which occurs within a space, so that the environmental functions of forests to be disturbed. Environmental conflicts in protection forest mostly caused by issues of scarcity, negative externalities, structural unbalance, and different viewpoint of people on value of forests. In many cases, forest governance creates overlapping policies regarding with these issues that may generate conflict escalation; this occurs in Register 45B of Protection Forest Zone in Lampung Province. This research aimed to study: (1) policies of forestry, environmental management, agrarian, spatial, and regional autonomy for the handling of environmental conflicts in forest management of the region, especially in the area of Protection Forest Bukit Rigis - Register 45b, (2) factors those affecting (escalation of) conflict, (3)conflict management styles manifested by parties/disputants, and polarization of parties refer to the conflict roots they face and,to (4) develop a model of environmental conflict management cognitively refer to lesson that learned by the parties. Research implementation and analysis carried out by using Descriptive Policy Analysis, Pathway Analysis, Pairwise Comparison Analysis – Scheffe Test, the technique of CAP (Collaborative Analytical, Problem-solving Process or Approach) and, SSA (Social System Analysis). The research found that: (1) based on policy analysis, Environmental Management and Controlling Act developed consistently a mechanism for dispute settlement and the Basic Act of Agrarian Law is merely developing mediation procedures, while the Ombudsman Act, Arbitration Act have not been consistently equipped with the regulations below it, (2) conflict escalation was mainly caused by decision to convert forest land use, (3) conflict management styles are collaborative and compromise, polarizations of parties refer to similarities on interests, (4) ccognitively the parties in resolving environmental conflicts forest areas, particularly the conflict status of the land, agreed to take efforts to release forest area under forestry regulations, and (5) by integrating the entire analysis can be constructed a model of institutional grievance mechanisms of conflict resolution following with tools of assessment.

Satu di antara berbagai sumberdaya alam potensial yang masih menjadi sektor tumpuan masyarakat dan Pemerintah Indonesia saat ini adalah hutan. Dalam ekosistem hutan terdapat fungsi lingkungan yang mencakup fungsi ekologis, fungsi sosial, dan fungsi ekonomis. Berdasarkan UU RI Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan, hutan mempunyai tiga fungsi yaitu fungsi konservasi, fungsi lindung, dan fungsi produksi. Sesuai dengan U.U. tersebut, Pemerintah Indonesia mengelola kawasan hutan berdasarkan fungsi pokoknya yaitu hutan konservasi, hutan lindung, dan hutan produksi. Hutan lindung memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan fungsi lingkungan yang bersumber dari hutan. Berdasarkan definisi tersebut, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa fungsi lingkungan kawasan hutan lindung lebih ditekankan atas pertimbangan ekologis.