Keragaan usahatani dan efisiensi produksi jeruk keprok soe berdasarkan zona agroklimat di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract

Keprok SoE mandarin is a high economic value commodity. It is expected that the commodity is a driven commodity for dryland farmers’ economy in East Nusa Tenggara Province. However, the mandarin production and its productivity are low due to improper input used, agroclimatic factors, farm size, low managerial skill and capability of farmers. This research investigates farm level productivity and technical efficiency, and their determinants in a sample of 360 high- and low-land keprok SoE mandarin producing farms in 12 villages in six sub districts of South Central Timor district in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study used a Translog functional form using technical inefficiency effect model of stochastic production function approach, simultaneously applied to cross sectional data. Results indicate that keprok SoE mandarin farmer’s income, productivity and technical efficiency are low. Factors affecting productivity of mandarin in highland area are number of productive tree, compost and vegetative seed. While factors determining productivity in lowland area are age of tree, family labour and vegetative seed. Mean technical efficiency in the highland area, 65%, is greater than lowland area, 61%. This suggests that keprok SoE mandarin farmers may increase the productivity by as much as 35% in highland and 39% in lowland through more efficient use of production inputs. Smaller farm size of < 1 ha indicates lower technical efficiency level than bigger farm size of ≥ 1 ha in highland area. Furthermore, in highland area, estimated coefficients in the technical inefficiency effect model indicate positive effect and significant on the technical efficiency of experience, contacted with agricultural field officer, farmer age, other sources of income, selling method and farmer group. While, education factor gives negative effect on technical efficiency. All factors determining efficiency level in lowland producing farms give negative effects and are not significant, except for experience factor. Based on these findings, it can be said that agroclimatic zones do not affect technical efficiency, but they affect productivity performance. It is suggested that by improving factors such as input used, farmer knowledge and managerial skills, farm size, postharvest technology and marketing, development strategies and agroecological factors; the productivity and technical efficiency of keprok SoE mandarin in high- and low-land areas should be increased.

Jeruk keprok SoE merupakan komoditas yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Masyarakat daerah lahan kering di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur mengharapkan bahwa jeruk kerpok SoE dapat menjadi penggerak ekonomi petani. Namun kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa produksi dan produktivitas tanaman ini adalah masih rendah. Produktivitas jeruk keprok di NTT adalah hanya 6 kg per pohon, masih berada di bawah produktivitas rata-rata Indonesia sebesar 95 kg per pohon; sedangkan produktivitas potensialnya sebesar 250 kg per pohon atau 69 ton/ha. Diasumsikan bahwa permasalahan rendahnya produktivitas jeruk keprok diduga karena rendahnya penggunaan input produksi, belum efisiennya proses produksi, kondisi lingkungan yang kurang mendukung dan kurang memadainnya kemampuan petani untuk mengelola usahatani jeruk keprok. Hal-hal ini mendorong perlu adanya kebutuhan analisis (1) bagaimana meningkatkan produktivitas usahatani jeruk keprok SoE, (2) bagaimana meningkatkan efisiensi teknis produksi jeruk keprok SoE, dan (3) upaya-upaya apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi teknis jeruk keprok SoE, pada zona agroklimat (daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah) dan ukuran usahatani (kecil dan besar). Penelitian ini telah menginvestigasi keragaan usahatani dan faktor-faktor penentu produktivitas dan efisiensi teknis produksi usahatani jeruk keprok SoE dengan menggunakan 360 petani contoh dari dua belas desa di enam kecamatan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data cross section. Analisis data untuk masing-masing zona dan ukuran usahatani yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fungsi produksi stokastik frontier model efek inefisiensi teknis model translog.