Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.).

Abstract

Rice fields in Indonesia today has degraded, one of which is a decrease in organic matter content. The decrease is due to the use of organic material by farmers switch to use inorganic fertilizers without offset by the addition of sufficient organic material. One way to improve soil and crop productivity and environmental sustainability is through an integrated system that combines the nutrients of organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizer. Therefore, research is needed to determine the effect of organic fertilizer in rice plants. The study consisted of a field experiment and analysis of soil and plants in the laboratory. Field experiment was conducted in paddy fields located in the Cihideung Udik Village, Ciampea Subdistrict, Bogor District. This experiment was a single factor experiment with 10 treatments. N, P, K (standard), plus organic fertilizer (POP), 1/3 N, P, K + POP, 2/3 N, P, K + POP, N, P, K + POP, 1/3 N, P, K POP + ½, 1/3 N, P, K + ¾ POP, 1/3 N, P, K + 1 ¼ POP, 2/3 N, P, K + ½ POP and Control with 3 replications at arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Observed variables were : plant growth (number of tillers and plant height), yield, and the elements of N-total, available P & K in the soil after harvest as well as plant content of N, P, K. Data were analyzed with analysis variance and proceeded with DMRT if the treatments were significantly different. The results showed that treatment of inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) significantly increased the growth and yield of rice, whereas POP fertilizer treatments did not significantly affect the growth and yield. Treatment of standard + POP significantly increase the growth and yield of rice, but the growth and yield little bit lower compared with standard. Treatment 1/3 N, P, K added POP ½, ¾ POP, POP 1, and 5/4 POP and 2/3 N, P, K added 1 POP , ½ POP and significantly influenced the growth and yield of rice, but POP fertilizer addition did not significantly improve the growth and yield. POP also has not been able to replace the shortage of fertilizer N, P, K in the treatments, although given in various doses. Thus, it can be concluded that the addition of fertilizer POP does not significantly affect plant growth and yield of rice Ciherang varieties.

Lahan sawah di Indonesia saat ini telah mengalami degradasi, salah satunya adalah penurunan kandungan bahan organik. Penurunan bahan organik ini dikarenakan petani beralih menggunakan pupuk anorganik tanpa diimbangi dengan penambahan bahan organik yang cukup. Salah satu cara agar dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman serta kelestarian lingkungan adalah melalui sistem hara terpadu yang memadukan antara pupuk organik dengan pupuk anorganik. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari percobaan lapang dan analisis tanah dan tanaman di laboratorium. Percobaan lapang dilakukan di lahan sawah yang terletak di Desa Cihideung Udik Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktor tunggal dengan 10 perlakuan yaitu N,P,K (standar), pupuk organik plus (POP), 1/3 N,P,K + POP, 2/3 N,P,K + POP, N,P,K + POP, 1/3 N,P,K + ½ POP, 1/3 N,P,K + ¾ POP, 1/3 N,P,K + 5/4 POP, 2/3 N,P,K + ½ POP dan Kontrol dengan 3 ulangan dan ditempatkan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Variabel yang diamati yaitu : pertumbuhan tanaman (jumlah anakan dan tinggi tanaman), produksi, dan unsur N-total, P & K-tersedia dalam tanah pasca panen serta unsur N, P, K tanaman. Data dianalisis dengan uji Analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjutan berganda Duncan bila perlakuan berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk anorganik (N,P,K) nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi padi; sedangkan perlakuan pupuk POP tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi. Perlakuan N,P,K + POP nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi padi, tetapi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan N,P,K (standar). Perlakuan 1/3 N,P,K yang ditambahkan ½ POP, ¾ POP, 1 POP, dan 5/4 POP serta 2/3 N,P,K yang ditambahkan 1 POP dan ½ POP berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi. POP juga belum dapat menggantikan kekurangan pupuk N,P,K pada perlakuan-perlakuan tersebut. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan pupuk POP tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi padi sawah varietas Ciherang.