Chemical Composition and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds from the Extracts of Tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites)

Abstract

Tambelo (Teredinidae) is consumed freshly by local people in Papua without removing the digestive tracts. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of fresh tambelo, to conduct antioxidant and phytochemistry tests, and to identify the compound of active antioxidant obtained from selected fractionated extract. The research consisted of two stages. The first stage involved the analyses of proximate, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral. The second stage was the extraction of active materials by means of maceration. The maceration result was evaporated and partitioned with a solvent of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Next, the extract underwent phytochemical and antioxidant tests (20, 40. 60, and 80 ppm) with DPPH method applying BHT and vitamin super ester C as the standard with a concentration of 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm. Finally, the identification of fresh antioxidant compound was carried out using LC-MS. The composition of fresh tambelo divided into moisture 82,72±0,01%, protein 7,21±0,31%, fat 0,28±0,04%, ash 2,07±0,27%, and carbohydrate (by difference) 7,72±0,62%. The composition of dried tambelo was moisture 6,63±0,01%, protein 42,77±2,01%, fat 14,27±0,22%, ash 5,88±1,04%, carbohydrate (by difference) 30,45±2,83%. The protein of tambelo contained nine essential amino acids and eight non essensial amino acids. It had seven saturated fatty acids and eight unsaturated fatty acids. It contained calcium of 3532,46 ppm and phosfor of 2363,06 ppm. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the crude extract of ethyl acetate with IC50 of 15 ppm. The highest antioxidant activity obtained by column fractionation was the 9th fraction with IC50 of 8.87 ppm. Phytochemical test, described the crude extract of tambelo contained a group of alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid and triterpenoid. MarinLit database (Blunt and Blunt 2008), 9th fraction was similar to farnesic acid glyceride, sesquiterpenoic acid glyceride and labdane diterpenoid.

Di Papua masyarakat mengkonsumsi tambelo dalam keadaan mentah tanpa harus dibuang isi pencernaannya terlebih dahulu. Mereka percaya bahwa isi pencernaan tambelo berkhasiat untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit diantaranya, flu, malaria, sakit pinggang, rematik, meningkatkan air susu ibu, nafsu makan dan vitalitas pria. Organisme ini mempunyai potensi ekonomis yang perlu diteliti tentang keberadaan kandungan komponen bioaktif yang terdapat di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi kimia tambelo segar, mendapatkan antioksidan dan fitokimia, serta mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif antioksidan hasil fraksinasi ekstrak terpilih. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah analisis rendemen, uji proksimat, asam lemak, asam amino, dan mineral dalam tambelo. Tahap kedua meliputi ekstraksi bahan aktif tambelo dengan cara maserasi, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan, analisis fitokimia, dan identifikasi senyawa antioksidan menggunakan LC-MS.