Klasifikasi Duri Landak Jawa (Hystrix javanica) Berdasarkan Morfologi dan Pola Distribusi

Abstract

This research was conducted to observe the morphology and distribution pattern of the quill of Javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Five adult porcupines of both sexes were used. The number, diameter, and length of quills of certain regions of each animal were measured two times. The data were analyzed descriptively and tested using ANOVA (Analysis of Variants) and Duncan tests. Result of this research showed that quills of Javan porcupines could be differentiated into four types: spines, true quills, transitional quills, and rattle quills. These four types of quills were either white, black, white with black stripe and white with black and white stripes in their color pattern. The spines were mostly black. True quills were white with black stripe or white with black white stripes. The transitional quills were white with black and white stripes and the rattle quills were white in color. The spines were distributed on head, neck, dorsal scapula, dorsal thorax 1, lateral thorax 1, and ventral abdomen regions. True quills were on the thorax 2, lumbal, dorsal femur, base coccygeal, and median coccygeal regions. Transitional quills were distributed on three regions, lumbal, base coccygeal, and median coccygeal. Rattle quills were distributed only on the apical region of the coccygeal. Porcupine quills grew in cluster making fish scale-like pattern. Quills of each cluster in each region had different length and diameter. Quills with big diameter would have more length. There was differences (P= 0.000) in quills length at 11 regions while each cluster of quills of different region showed also different pattern of color and size. The quills on the lumbal region showed the biggest and longest in the diameter and length.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati morfologi dan pola distribusi duri landak Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima ekor landak Jawa yang terdiri atas satu ekor betina dan empat ekor jantan. Jumlah, diameter, dan panjang duri di tiap regio diukur sebanyak dua kali pengukuran. Hasil yang didapat kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA (Analysis of Variants) serta uji Duncan. Dari 11 regio pengamatan, duri landak dapat dibedakan menjadi empat jenis, yaitu duri pipih, sejati, transisi, dan berderak. Secara umum, duri pipih berwarna hitam. Duri sejati berwarna putih belang hitam dan putih belang hitam belang putih. Duri transisi hanya memiliki satu pola warna, yaitu putih belang hitam belang putih serta duri berderak hanya berwarna putih. Berdasarkan pola distribusi, duri pipih terdapat pada regio capitis, cervical, dorsal scapula, dorsal thorakal 1, lateral thorakal 1, dan ventral abdomen. Duri sejati terdapat pada regio thorakal 2, lumbal, dorsal femur, pangkal coccygeal, dan median coccygeal. Duri transisi hanya terdapat di tiga regio, yaitu lumbal, pangkal coccygeal, dan median coccygeal. Duri berderak hanya terdapat pada regio apikal coccygeal. Duri landak Jawa tumbuh dalam kelompok yang membentuk pola seperti pola sisik pada ikan. Tiap kelompok duri di masing-masing regio memiliki perbedaan panjang dan diameter duri. Panjang dan diameter duri ini memiliki nilai yang sebanding. Duri yang panjang akan memiliki diameter yang besar pula. Terdapat perbedaan panjang duri yang berbeda nyata (P= 0,000) antar tiap regio. Ukuran duri terbesar dan terpanjang terdapat pada regio lumbal. Selain itu, tiap kelompok duri memiliki pola seperti bentuk kipas, baik warna maupun ukuran duri.