Keanekaragaman Spesies Tumbuhan Berguna di Kawasan Lindung PT. Bukit Batu Hutani Alam (BBHA) Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau

Abstract

Protected areas of PT. Bukit Batu Hutani Alam (PT. BBHA) has important role for the preservation of germplasm, as habitat for various wildlife species and maintaining ecological functions. Information on the presence of flora is needed to ensure the preservation of the ecological function. In this regard the study was done in PT. BBHA to identify species diversity of plants and useful plants species. The research was conducted from October until November 2010. Data collection techniques employed in the research were literatur review and vegetation analysis. Vegetation analysis were conducted using a combination of line transect and line square. Sample plots were determinate at three different location which was assumed to represent the area. Vegetation analysis found 38 species from 17 families in the area, there were several key species of peatland ecosystem, namely: Meranti bunga (Shorea teysmanniana Dyer), Meranti batu (Shorea parvifolia Dyer), Mersawa (Anishoptera marginata Korth), Durian burung (Durio carinatus Mast), Dara-dara (Myristica iners Bl), Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Baill), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis Maing), Punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq), Resak (Vatica rassak Bl) dan Suntai (Palaquium burckii H.J.L.A.M). Thirty two species of 38 species found in the area were identified as useful plants which categoristed in to 10 groups of uses (medicinal plants, ornamental, aromatic, food, livestock feed sources, vegetable sources of pesticides, dyes and tannins sources, firewood sources, the source material building and the source string and crafts). The highest level of usability is materials building as many as 11 species and 8 species were used as food sources. and then followed by 8 species, were found at the sites.

Kawasan lindung PT. Bukit Batu Hutani Alam (BBHA) berperan penting bagi kelestarian plasma nutfah tumbuhan, sebagai habitat berbagai spesies satwa dan mempertahankan fungsi-fungsi ekologis kawasan. Informasi mengenai keberadaan flora sangat diperlukan untuk memastikan kelestarian fungsi ekologis kawasan tersebut. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian di kawasan lindung PT. BBHA untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan yang ada dan berguna untuk kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai November 2010. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu pengumpulan data sekunder berupa studi literatur dan data primer melalui analisis vegetasi. Metode analisis vegetasi menggunakan kombinasi jalur dan garis berpetak. Pengambilan plot-plot contoh dilakukan pada tiga lokasi yang berbeda, hal ini diharapkan agar data yang didapatkan dapat mewakili kondisi di kawasan lindung tersebut. Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi 38 spesies dari 17 famili yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian. Dari hasil analisis vegetasi tersebut terdapat beberapa spesies kunci ekosistem gambut seperti Meranti bunga (Shorea teysmanniana Dyer), Meranti batu (Shorea parvifolia Dyer), Mersawa (Anishoptera marginata Korth), Durian burung (Durio carinatus Mast), Dara-dara (Myristica iners Bl), Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Baill), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis Maing), Punak (Tetramerista glabra Miq), Resak (Vatica rassak Bl) dan Suntai (Palaquium burckii H.J.L.A.M). Dari 38 spesies tumbuhan tersebut, teridentifikasi 32 spesies tumbuhan berguna (84%) yang dikelompakkan kedalam 10 kelompok kegunaan yaitu tumbuhan obat, hias, aromatik, sumber pangan, sumber pakan ternak, sumber pestisida nabati, sumber pewarna dan tanin, sumber kayu bakar, sumber bahan bangunan dan sumber tali dan kerajinan. Kegunaan tertinggi yaitu untuk sumber bahan bangunan sebanyak 11 spesies dan kemudian diikuti sumber pangan sebanyak 8 spesies.