Model Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Udang Penaeidae spp di Kabupaten Cilacap Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Cilacap is one of fishery centers in Indonesia, with one of the common best product is shrimp. Shrimp capture fisheries in Cilacap are majority using trammel net. Nowadays, the actual condition shows that it occured biological degradation on shrimp resources. This marked by production decline on shrimp production. Shrimp production on among 2004-2008 declined on average 7,2%. To achieve the study goals, the data was analyzed by 4 approaches: 1) Specifying maximum sustainable yields of shrimp resources in Cilacap by bioeconomy analysis; 2) Mapping mangrove area in Cilacap by using Geographic Information System Analysis; 3) Reviewing the factors of shrimp production decline by Ishikawa method; 4) Arranging management model by SWOT analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). SWOT analysis used for arranges the management strategy of shrimp resources. While Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) used for support arrangement of some priority from many choices. This study proved that shrimp production decline is in the line with mangrove area decline. Mangrove area decline influenced toward shrimp population and in the future will cause shrimp production decline. Considering the significant of mangrove advantages for fish resource sustainability, so strategy for increasing environmental capacity and shrimp resources, as the result on AHP analysis have to be implemented intensively. It is expected by the recovery or better environment capacity, that is mangrove then shrimp population will increase and makes chance to increase shrimp production by fishers. The most fifth actors that have crucial role on the declination of shrimp landings are government, community, stake holders, non-organizational government, and academics who must be simultaneously work together to run the strategy so can improve the weakness and threat, and also creates achievement on shrimp resources sustainability and the most is shrimp fishery business will be continued and gives benefit to all of parties who involved on shrimp fishery.

Cilacap adalah salah satu sentra perikanan di Indonesia. Salah satu produk utamanya adalah udang, dengan hasil tangkapan mayoritas adalah udang Penaidae spp. Sumberdaya udang Penaidae spp di perairan Cilacap sebagaian besar merupakan jenis udang jerbung (Penaeus merguensis) dan udang dogol (Metapenaeus endevouri dan Metapenaeus ensis) serta mayoritas ditangkap dengan dengan menggunakan trammel net. Namun demikian kondisi aktual saat ini menunjukkan telah terjadi degradasi biologi sumberdaya udang. Hal ini ditandai dengan terjadinya tren penurunan produksi (hasil tangkapan) udang. Produksi udang pada tahun 2004-2008 menurun sebesar rata-rata 6,3%. Penurunan hasil tangkapan tersebut diduga disebabkan karena terjadinya eksploitasi sumberdaya udang secara besar-besaran dan kerusakan ekologi kawasan pesisir khususnya mangrove. Eksploitasi sumberdaya secara besarbesaran atau intensitas penangkapan yang sangat tinggi menyebabkan laju pertumbuhan biologi menurun karena menyempitnya kesempatan udang untuk berkembang biak. Sedangkan kerusakan mangrove disebabkan oleh pengurangan dan konversi. Hal tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh: 1) kebutuhan lahan untuk perumahan akibat pertumbuhan penduduk dan kebutuhan lahan untuk pengembangan ekonomi yaitu untuk industri, pariwisata, pertanian dan perikanan budidaya; 2) pencemaran perairan yang berasal dari limbah buangan industri, limbah aktifitas pariwisata, limbah rumah tangga, limbah pertanian dan limbah perikanan budidaya; 3) tata guna atau tata ruang kawasan pesisir yang tidak melindungi mangrove.