Average daily gain, physiological status, body component, and methane mitigation with complete rumen modifier (Cassapon)

Abstract

Methane emission plays an important role in global warming, destruction of ozone layer and energy losses could lead to decrease average daily gain from the sheep. Global livestock methane emission is around 12% and 1.2% from national emission sources. Whether it was relatively few for Indonesia, it was advantage to be obedient world greenhouse gases rule and improve feeding biotechnology for sciences reason. Complete rumen modifier (CRM) is the feed additives which consist of: (1) Saponin compounds from Sapindus rarak, Albizia falcutaria and Sesbania grandiflora; (2) Asetogenic bacteria from Asetoanaerobium notrae; and (3) Microbial growth factor. Sheep that we used in this experiment were 32 ewes post-weaning (4-5 months) in factorial randomize block design with two factors. The first factor was feeding trial with four levels i.e.: (A) Pennisetum purpureum and roughage as a control, (B) Pennisetum purpureum and 5% cassava waste (onggok) in roughage, (C) Pennisetum purpureum and 2% CRM in roughage, (D) Pennisetum purpureum and 5% cassapon in roughage. The second factor was ewe breeds type with two levels i.e.: Sumatera Composite (SC) and Barbados Cross (BC). Methane emission from VFA calculation had been decreased in CRM (15.09%) and cassapon (20.28%) supplementation (P<0.05). Protozoa population had been decreased by CRM and cassapon effect (P<0.05).The CRM and cassapon treatments as feed additive were effective in inhibiting methane production. Body component (water, fat and protein) in the post-weaning growing phase was almost the same in all treatments (P>0.05). Sheep were in thermoneutral zone with normal physiology responses with 70.52-77.50 THI (P>0.05). Physiological parameters observed include: respiration rate, heartbeat, rectal temperature, skin temperature, N-blood urea and ammonia.The results show that sheep post weaning in this study were adapted well to the ambient temperature and feeding trial from the result of physiology and body component. Average daily gain was not significantly different among the CRM and cassapon treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion, CRM and cassapon could be aplicated as a feed additive to decrease enteric methane emission with normal effects in physiology response and body component to growth.

Emisi metana sektor peternakan merupakan kontributor yang nyata terhadap efek gas rumah kaca (GRK). Kontribusi gas metana dari sektor peternakan secara global adalah 12% dan secara nasional adalah 1.2%. Walaupun, secara nasional sektor peternakan memiliki presentasi yang kecil namun sebagai suatu tindakan yang lebih baik untuk mengikuti pengendalian isu global mengenai emisi gas metana. Sektor peternakan pada ternak ruminansia khususnya domba memproduksi gas metana sebagai hasil sampingan fermentasi pakan dengan lebih dari 92-98% secara enterik. Emisi metana secara kuantitas nilainya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan karbon dioksida, namun secara kualitas radiasi metana lebih tinggi 25 kali dibandingkan dengan karbondioksida. Oleh karena itu, dunia internasional telah banyak menyusun kebijakan dan mengkaji terobosan untuk mengurangi dampak gas metana. Salah satu upaya dengan peran bioteknologi melalui modifikasi ekosistem rumen dengan suplementasi pakan tambahan.