Bacterial diversity from the spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi gigaspora sp. and Glomus sp. and their potential as mycorrhiza helper bacteria

Abstract

Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria are bacteria that potentially assist the development of mycorrhiza. This study was aimed to explore the Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHB) from the spore of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Gigasprora sp. and Glomus sp. The enzymatic activity (cellulase, protease and pectinase), antagonists with pathogen Sclerotium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Ganoderma sp. and mycorrhizal stimulation were conducted. The results showed that there were 7 species of bacteria isolated from the spores of Gigaspora sp. and 5 species from the spores of Glomus sp. Of the 12 bacteria, 7 bacteria had the potential to produce the enzymes of hydrolytic cellulase and proteases. Based on in vitro test, there were 4 species of bacteria found to have the ability to inhibit the growth of 3 species of pathogens tested. Eight types of bacteria were found to be capable of stimulating the development of mycorrhizal hyphae. There were 3 isolates of bacteria showed the antagonistic toward pathogenic fungi as well as stimulation of AMF. The bacteria obtained were very potential to be developed as biological agents in improving the quality of soil and plants growth.

Bakteri dikatakan MHB ketika bakteri itu bersifat endofit dengan kata lain bakteri tersebut harus berada di salah satu bagian tubuh mikoriza, dan berperan terhadap perkembangan mikoriza. Bakteri yang diisolasi dari fungi mikoriza dapat menstimulasi infeksi mikoriza, produksi spora dan juga perlawanan terhadap patogen tanaman. Dengan demikian penting untuk mengeksplorasi bakteri-bakteri tersebut dan menguji potensinya sebagai MHB dan sebagai upaya mengembangkan potensi FMA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menemukan jenis-jenis bakteri pada spora FMA Gigaspora sp. dan Glomus sp., mendapatkan bakteri yang mampu menstimulir perkembangan FMA, mendapatkan isolat bakteri yang berpotensi menghasilkan enzim hidrolitik dan menemukan bakteri yang memiliki sifat antagonis terhadap patogen tanaman.