Increasing efficiency of pineapple seedling production using tissue culture material result through gibberellins and nitrogen fertilizer application to the leaves

Abstract

One of the problems in pineapple cultivation in Indonesia is unavailable seeds producer who provide variety pineapple seedling, whether in its form or in it’s nature, with major quantity and short relative time. The aims of this research is to study the effect of giving Nitrogen fertilizer, gibberellin to the leaves and time application through the development pineapple seedling resulter for tissue culture propagation, counting technical and economic efficiency. The field study is held at the Center Tropical Fruits Research (PKBT), research institution and human resources (LPPM) IPB, Baranang Siang, Bogor. It was started in August until December 2010. This research used factorial random design. The first factor is time application consist of two standards, in the morning (W1) and at night (W2). The second factor is gibberellins concentration consist of three levels, 0 ppm (G0), 50 ppm (G1), 100 ppm (G2). The third factor is N fertilizer concentration consist of three levels 0 g/I (N0), 0.5 g/I (N1), 1.0 g/I (N2). There are 18 combination treatments with three repetitions with the result 54 experiment units. Each unit consists of 10 pineapple seedlings, with the result 540 experiment. Fertilizer distribution 0.5 g/I increase the seedlings high, the number of the leaves, and the width of the leaves, wet weight and dry weight. Giving extra Nitrogen can reduce the development of the pineapple seedlings. Giving gibberellins and time application cannot increase the development of pineapple seeds tissue culture result. Economic and technique efficiency was achieved by giving nitrogen 0.5g/I fertilizer.

Nenas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) merupakan salah satu buah tropika yang banyak diminati masyarakat dan berpotensi menjadi komoditas ekspor andalan Indonesia. Salah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya nenas di Indonesia adalah belum adanya produsen bibit yang dapat menyediakan bibit nenas yang seragam, baik bentuk ataupun sifatnya, dalam jumlah yang banyak dan waktu yang relatif singkat. Metode perbanyakan vegetatif yang dilakukan oleh para petani tidaklah mencukupi untuk mendukung industri pertanian nenas. Kultur jaringan merupakan salah satu cara yang telah dikembangkan untuk memperoleh produksi bibit secara besar-besaran.Teknik kultur jaringan nenas dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bibit. Permasalahan yang muncul di lapangan adalah lambatnya pertumbuhan bibit nenas. Bibit nenas yang dihasilkan dari kultur jaringan tidak tumbuh secepat yang diharapkan sehingga memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama untuk mencapai standar mutu bibit nenas hasil kultur jaringan