Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Hutan oleh Pemerintah vs Komunitas Lokal: Upaya Mencari Titik Temu (Kasus: Kampung Cisangku dan Kampung Nyungcung, Desa Malasari, Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)

Abstract

Many efforts in saving the forest resources has been done by the government to avoid a decline in forest resources. One of them is the expansion of Halimun Salak conservation area with the forestry ministerial decree No.175/Kpts-II/2003, that decree sets forth changes in regional function of ex Perum Perhutani or ex protected forest and the limited production forests around the conservation area TNGH become Halimun Salak Mountain National Park (TNGHS). Under this decree, communities within the region can not occupy the area within the region of TNGHS. This is the case that can causes conflict. In addition, to get the resolution of the conflict, there is collaborative management that involving all stakeholders. The purpose of this study are to describe and analyze: (1) pattern of forest resource management that has been done by the government and local communities, (2) The perception of stakeholders (government, society, and NGOs) to forest resources, (3) the relation between perception of socio-economic and the characteristics of local communities on forest resources, and (4) The perception of stakeholders about the management forestry recources connected with the collaborative management model (top-down and bottom up) as a result of conflict resolution. The results showed a difference in the forest resources management between the government and local communities. There is a relationship to the perception of socio-economic characteristics. Differences in perception among stakeholders (government, local communities, and NGOs) have led to conflict, so it takes a conflict resolution, the collaborative management. Perceptions of government forest resource management program produces Model Kampung Konservasi (MKK), while the public perception in Kampung Nyungcung had been fasilitated by the NGOs to make Kampung Dengan Tujuan Konservasi (KDTK). Difference perception between stakeholders (government, local communities, and NGOs) have led to conflict, thats why we need a resolution of the conflict, called the management of collaborative.

Upaya penyelamatan sumberdaya hutan dilakukan pemerintah untuk menghindari penurunan sumberdaya hutan. Salah satunya adalah perluasan kawasan konservasi Halimun Salak dengan ditetapkan SK Menteri Kehutanan No.175/Kpts-II/2003. Surat keputusan tersebut menetapkan perubahan fungsi kawasan eks Perum Perhutani atau eks hutan lindung dan hutan produksi terbatas disekitar TNGH menjadi kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS). Berdasarkan SK tersebut, masyarakat yang berada di dalam kawasan tidak dapat menempati kawasan TNGHS. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan konflik. Untuk meresolusi konflik dilakukan suatu pengelolaan kolaboratif yang melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis: (1) Pola pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan komunitas lokal, (2) Persepsi pemangku kepentingan (pemerintah, masyarakat, dan LSM) terhadap sumberdaya hutan, (3) Hubungan karakteristik sosial ekonomi dengan persepsi komunitas lokal pada sumberdaya hutan, dan (4) Persepsi pemangku kepentingan terhadap pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan berhubungan dengan perbedaan pengelolaan kolaboratif (bersifat top down dan bottom up) sebagai upaya mencari titik temu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kampung Cisangku dan Kampung N