Keragaman genetik dan adaptabilitas gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) introduksi di lingkungan tropis

Abstract

The objective of this study was to obtain information on genetic variabilitiy and adaptability of introduced wheat varieties in tropical conditions. The research was carried out at field station research of Balithi, Cipanas and Biotrop, Bogor, Indonesia in May 2010 - February 2011. Genetic material tested was the Oasis/Skauz//4*BCN var -28, HP 1744, Laj/Mo88, and Rabe/M88 (introduced from Turkey), Basribey, Alibey, and Menemen (introduced from India), G-21, G- 18 and H-2 (introduced from CIMMYT), and Selayar and Dewata (national varieties) as check varieties. The results showed that plant height, panicle length, spikelet number, grain weight per panicle and 1000 grain weight had high heritability value. Genotype (G), location (L), and the interaction GXL had significant effect on grain weight. Grain weight variation of introduced wheat varieties was mainly due to interaction between genotype and location. Based on the regression coefficient, Rabe/Mo88 showed good adaptation in the highland (Cipanas), whereas Oasis/Skauz //4 * BCN var-28 had good adaptation in the lowland (Bogor). The first bilinear AMMI model accounted 93.6% variation. Biplot analysis showed that Menemen, Basribey, Alibey, and Selayar classified as stable varieties with high yields, whereas Laj/Mo88 was stable with lower yield than the average yield of all locations. G-18 adapted well in Manado and G-21 to adapt well in Muneng. There was no superior genotype in all locations.