Sistesis Dan Apilkasi Poligliserol Sebagai Bahan Pengental (Thickening Agent) Pada Pembuatan Shampoo

Abstract

Glycerol is a constituent molecule of oil and fat from animal and vegetable that are generally obtained as co-product from making soap and bio-diesel (Kern, 1966; Bursche, 1999). Glycerol is modified to poly-glycerol in gaining the suitable viscosity. From 730 000 tons glycerol's consumption in 1999, glycerol were consumed about 202 000 tons for the production of cosmetic and personal care product; and 89 000 tons for poly-glycerol (Tyson et at., 2004). Thickening agent is a substance that added to shampoo's formulation in order to increase viscosity and prevent suspending action of its active substance. Glycerol's application as thickening agent in shampoo is one of the alternative uses of thickening agent in getting suitable viscosity. This research is aimed to gain characteristics of poly-. glycerol that are polymerized at temperature level of 230° C and 2400 C; and shampoo's characteristic which uses polyglycerol as thickening agent. Research began with polymerization of glycerol that carried out at 2300 C and 2400 C for eight hours with alkaline catalyst, NaOH. After that, research continued with characterized of polyglycerols. Polymerization products are PG1 (polyglycerol that synthesized at 2300 C) and PG2 (polyglycerol that synthesized at 2400 C). PG1 is a viscous liquid; pH 8,15; and number of viscosity is 9200 cPs. Meanwhile PG2 is a viscous liquid; pH 8,19; and number of viscosity is 12 300 cPs. The presence of ether group (C-O-C) is shown by the absorption peak at 1113,58 cm-l for PG1 and 1092,37 cm-1 for PG2. Next, PG1 and PG2 are added to formulation of shampoo with concentration of 20% and 30%. The results are 20% PG1 (AIB1), 20% PG2 (A2B 1), 30% PG1 (A2B1), and 30% PG2 (A2B2). Then, shampoo was analyzed for number of pH, number of viscosity, total of microbe, free alkaline content, and hedonic test (smell, viscosity, foaming, and impression). Experimental design that used for shampoo's characteristic is Nested Test; meanwhile hedonic test results used KruskalI-Wallis Test. Nested test shows that of polyglycerol's type doesn't influence the number of pH but influences number of viscosity. Shampoo with addition 30% of PG2 (A2B2) has the highest viscosity among the others. Nested Test was not done for total of microbe and free alkaline content since the four samples give the zero number. KruskaIl-Wallis Test shows that type of polyglycerol and concentration of each polyglycerol don't influence the hedonic test results. Scoring's Subjectively Method was done to determine best formulation from each sample that used different type of polyglycerol and concentration. Scoring's result shows that AlBI (20% PGl) reached the highest score. This result means AIB1 has the best formulation of shampoo among the others.