Perubahan penutupan lahan dan analisis faktor penyebab perambahan kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai

Abstract

Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP) is one of the conservation areas that has been facing forest land cover changes due to uncontrolled activities of people around the area. They have been practicing shifting cultivation system for horticulture that can lead to forest conversion and land cover changes especially fields in GCNP area. Data and information of the conditions in GCNP area can be analyzed through technology Geographic Information System (GIS). The aim of this research was to know rate of land cover and spatial distribution on land cover in GCNP for year periods of 2006-2009 and investigate socio-economic factors that influence expansion in GCNP. Data on sosial and ground control point were taken in GCNP for one month in July 2010. Collected data included spatial data in the form of maps, Landsat image ETM+ year 2006 and TM year 2009 and attributed data including socio-economic conditions, knowledge and attitude of people. Spatial data were analyzed using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The results of image processing were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the attribute data to determine its impact on land cover changes. Land cover types in GCNP consisted of virgin forest, pine plant forest, shrubs, fields, water bodies, open land and no data. In the period 2006-2009, there were either increases or decreases in land cover areas. Land cover of open land was decreased by 979.2 ha (-2.26%) with the largest in Pasawahan Subdistrict, virgin forest by 51.21 ha (-0.01%) with the largest in Cigugur Subdistrict and water bodies by 1.62 ha (0.08%). On the other hand, land cover of fields was increased by 178.29 ha (0.18%) with the largest in Argapura Subdistrict, shrubs by 746.73 ha (0.18%) with the largest in Pasawahan Subdistrict and pine plant forest by 92.88 ha (0.06%) with the largest in Cilimus Subdistrict. Socioeconomic factors that influenced expansion of land cultivation into the park areas were rate of income in outside area, knowledge especially on cover function and attitude of people to the existing forest. To anticipate expansion of land cultivation into the forest area, the national park should create alternative beneficial projects in order to improve people income outside national park zone, rehabilitation of zone of natonal park and supervise the activities to people about national park.