Perancangan dan pengujian kemasan berbahan karton gelombang (corrugated fiber board) untuk buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Abstract

Plastic basket packaging is still commonly used in the transport of mangosteen fruits, however plastic basket usage has a few disadvantages, such as random patterns composing which can cause mechanical damage to fruits, and plastic is also hard decomposite material, therefore it is needed alternative packaging to cover disadvantages of plastic basket packaging. This research with an entitled Design and Testing of Corrugated Fiber Board Packaging For Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) was done to design and test the packaging from corrugated fiber board and. The main material used for this research was the Mangosteen fruits and corrugated carton. There ware three stages of the research: designing packaging, testing the compressive strength, and optimization of the stack. Design process produced two packaging designs, that was: secondary packaging with capacity of 48 fruits per package (K48C dimensions 42.6 × 28.6 × 15.6 cm), and secondary packaging with 60 fruits (K60C dimensions 43 × 35.1 × 15.6 cm). Packaging materials used was type C flutes corrurugated fiber board for secondary packaging, and B flute for primary packaging, which K48C can be filled by 12 primary. While K60C can be charged 10 primary packages. Both designed packaging have a maximum stack of 25 piles. The results of transport simulation which was equivalent with 133.878 km in the road out of town or approximately 2:23 hours for truck with speed of 60 km/h shows level of fruits mechanical damage in K48C was 1.39%, while level of mechanical damage the fruit in K60C was 1.67%. Based on the test of variance and Duncan test show that the rate of change in weight, total dissolved solids, and hardness among fruits packed in selected packaging during transport simulation are not too different from control fruits. The result of optimization of selected package on the pallet ( 1200x1000x1500 mm) using Cube Master program shows that K48C packaging had efficiency of utilization value of pallet area of 80.66%, and 75.49% efficiency in volume usage. While for K60C, an efficiency utilization value of pallet area was 74.76%, and volume efficiecyt usage was 69.98%.