Kajian keamanan asap cair tempurung kelapa untuk produk pangan

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the food safety of coconut shell liquid smoke for food products by acute toxicity test and identification of volatile compounds by means of Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Acute toxicity test of these product were assessed by determination of LD50 dose (the single dose which causes the death of half the test animals) based on OECD 402 (2001) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Three of mice are used for each step. The dose level to be used is selected of five fixed levels, 0, 50, 500, 5.000, and 15.000mgkg-' body weight. Results indicated that LD50 dose of this liquid smoke are more than 15.000mg.kg-' body weight of mice. Based on regulation by the Indonesian Government (Regulation 74/RI/2001), liquid smoke with LD,, value more than 15.000mg.kg-' body weight of mice, this .product was no toxic and safe for food products. Identification of volatile compound of liquid smoke was start by extracted these product using dichloromethane as solvent. Result of GC-MS showed that liquid smoke comprise 40 components. From GC-MS spectra were identified 7 peaks with a higher proportions. They were identified as 2-Methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3-Methylphenol, and 5-Methyl-1,2,3-trimethoxy benzene. Neither benzolalpyrene nor other polycyclic aromatic compounds with carcinogenic properties were found in this liquid smoke. Benzolalpyrene is regarded as a marker of the carcinogenic compounds in food products, although in foods the maximum level of loPg.kg-' for benzolalpyrene has been set by the European Commission. Analytical procedures based on extraction of the hydrocarbons from the matrix, separation by Gas Chromatography (GC), followed by detection by Mass Spectroscopy (MS), make it possible to determine polycyclic aromatic compounds including benzolalpyrene in food products.