Perancangan proses produksi biodiesel dari minyak biji Nyamplung (Calhyllum inophyllum L.)

Abstract

Biodiesel that can be used directly or mixed with diesel oil is a promising alternative diesel fuel obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste oils by transesterifying the oil or fat with an alcohol such as methanol. The aim of this research was to design a process of biodiesel production by esterification and transesterification of Alexandrian laurel seed oil. Results show that the best esterification process is obtained at the temperature of 58.1oC, stirring speed of 300 rpm, HCl catalyst of 5.9% from FFA content, and the methanol-FFA molar ratio of 22.2:1. Under this esterification condition, the resulted pseudo second-order kinetics are constant of reaction rate (k) = 0.1733 (liter/mol minutes), activation energy (Ea) = 5.202 kcal/mol (21.7 kJ/mol), and rate of esterification reaction (res) = 537.4 exp- 2618/T[FFA]t 2. The best transesterification process is obtained at the temperature of 60oC, stirring speed of 400 rpm, NaOH catalyst of 1.1% from oil, and the methanol – oil molar ratio of 6.3:1. Under this transesterification condition, the resulted second order kinetics are constant of reaction rate (k) = 0.025 liter / mol minutes, activation energy = 3.7352 kcal/mol (15.6 kJ/mol) and rate of transesterification reaction (rt) = 6.9 exp (-1879.8/T) ([TG]o – x) ([M]o-3x). The results show that Alexandrian laurel seed biodiesel oil properties including flash point, water and sediment content, sulfur content, copper strip corrosion, cetane number, free glycerin content, total glycerin content, phosphorus content, 90% recovery distillation temperature (T90), iodine number, and ester of alkyl content satisfy the SNI 04-7182-2006 standards where are kinematics viscosity, cloud point, acid number, carbon residue, and sulfated ash content deviate slightly. The results of stationer performance test indicated that the consumptions of biodiesel-solar mixture from 0% to 30% biodiesel (liter/hour) are not different but the consumption level increase when biodiesel concentration is more than 30%. The test on the effects of biodiesel on engine performance indicated that the amount of deposit found in cylinder head and piston in 0-30% biodiesel mix is slightly different. Meanwhile, in 50% biodiesel mix, the amount of deposit is significantly high indicating an imperfect combustion. Financial analysis at the optimum production capacity of 93.46 kg biodiesel/hour, 16 percent of interest rate, and 10 years of project lifetime showed that biodiesel production is feasible with PBP of 4 years and 11 months; NPV of Rp366,166,219; IRR of 33.54%; net B/C ratio of 2.1; and ROI of 0.23.

Biodiesel that can be used directly or mixed with diesel oil is a promising alternative diesel fuel obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste oils by transesterifying the oil or fat with an alcohol such as methanol. The aim of this research was to design a process of biodiesel production by esterification and transesterification of Alexandrian laurel seed oil. Results show that the best esterification process is obtained at the temperature of 58.1° C, stirring speed of 300 rpm, HCl catalyst of 5.9% from FFA content, and the methanol-FFA molar ratio of 22.2:1.