Utilization of methanol extracted of mermga and mulberry leaves to evaluate energy and protein balance of nile tilapia

Abstract

from animal such as fish meal and waste of.fishety industries. The price afanimal protein like fish meal is quite expensive and tttat ingredient offeed has competitive problem with human food. Plant protein like legume leaves or other forage can he used for covering protein requirement of herbivore fish. hut they contain high .'iCCOI1.1d(I' compounds. These compounds may be removed by methanol extraction of 'be plant material. e.g. for nzoringa. The present sludy was carried alit tel evaluate energy balance 0/diet containing extracted moringa leaves and mulberry lea/meal each as 30 % protein replacement for fish meal iff diets for Nile Tilapia. Three diets were designated as control diet prepared witttfishmeat (C), diet j contain methanol extrncted moringa (D-I) and diet 2 contained mulberry leaves (D-2). Fifteen Nile Tilapia were randomly tzept in a 5 L capacity individual respiration chamber in which the oxygen consumption ofeach fish could be measured continuously (Focken er 01.. 1994). Prior to the experiment fish were fasted for nm days in order to measure standard metabolic rate (SMR), routine metabolic rate (RMR) and spontaneous activity (SSA). After thos1.! measurements. fish were divided into three groups andjed with the test diets C, D-I and D-2 at around lO-gfced per MBW (kg (I,,,) using automatic feeders. Fish ......ere weighed individually every' week and the oxygen consumption continuously measured for gain bt/ormatio" on tire energy expenditure (EE). At the end ofthe eighf week, fist/ were sacriftcadandanalyzedfor energy retention (ER). Feed analyses were conducted to evaluate gross energy lmake [GEl), while energ)' metabolism (.ME) was calculatedfrom EE plu."ER. The dnta were subjected to ANOVA and statistical comparisons between the feeding groups were made using the Duncan's Multipte Range Test. Results showed thar the Y.h-l average vatnes (d' SMR, RMR ond SSA were 49, 67 and W5 mg.kg4l·· , respectivety. Energy intake for the control group was lower than for the other groups, while final body .....eight in group D·I was tile highest. Tile ratio EE and ME from GEl (%) were similar for groups. wttile ER (g)./Or group D-2 ;s the highest. II was concluded that methanol extracted moringa leaves ond mulberry lea...-es are quile palatable and could replace 30 % cfprotein fish meal in diets for Nile Tilupia.