Feeding Fermented Jatropha curcas L. Meal Supplemented with Cellulase and Phytase to Kampong Chicken

Abstract

Fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae could decrease the fat content in the meal (5.8% Vs 0.39) and eliminated trypsin inhibitor up to 67.95 %. The decreasing of fat content indicated the elimination of the main toxic substance contained in the meal, i.e. phorbolesters. Most of the phorbolesters could be extracted with the oil fraction of the Jatropha curcas meal. Hopefully, this treatment could destroy the toxic jatropha curcas meal to a high quality meal as poultry feed. However, the fiber and phytate content in the meal were still high. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of using fermented Jatropha curcas meal treated with cellulase and phytase in the kampong chicken diet as to increase the growth and decrease the mortality rate. Two hundred kampong chickens were used in this experiment and reared from day old up to 10 weeks of age. The data analyzed with a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatment diets and 4 replications, with 10 birds in each replicate. The experimental diets were: T0 (the control diet, without Jatropha curcas meal), T1 (the diet contained 5% untreated Jatropha curcas meal), T2 (the diet contained 5% fermented Jatropha curcas meal + cellulase 200 ml/ton of feed), T3 (the diet contained 5% fermented Jatropha curcas meal + 1000 FTU phytase), and T4 (the diet contained 5% fermented Jatropha curcas meal + cellulase 200 ml/ton + 1000 FTU phytase). The parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate. The results showed that there were no significant differences on the parameters observed due to the treatments. However, feeding untreated Jatropha curcas meal in the diets (T1) decreased the body weight gain approximately 10.52% and the final body weight approximately 10.13% as compared to that of the control (T0). Feeding fermented Jatropha curcas meal supplemented with cellulase + phytase(T4) yielded the final body weight and feed conversion ratio similar to those the control (T0) diet. The final body weight of the chickens fed T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 955.08 g/bird, 858.33 g/bird, 872 g/bird, 935 g/bird, and 951.25 g/bird, respectively. The feed conversion ratio of the chickens fed T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 2.93, 3.51, 3.49, 3.20, and 2.89, respectively. The the feed consumption per bird during 10 weeks period of experiment 2567.53 g, 2663.76 g, 2752.32 g, 2685.05g, and 2520.5 g, for chickens fed T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. There was no mortality observed in all treatments.