Kemiripan Genetika Empat Populasi Kelapa Genjah Berdasarkan pada Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Abstract

Genetic similarity of 4 dwarf coconut populations [Genjah Huau Jombang (GHJ) from Java island, Genjah Raja (GR4) from Molluca islands, Genlah Hijau Nim (GHN) from Nias island, and Genlah Malabar (GMB) from Kalimantan island] had been evaluated based on RAPD markers. The objectives of this study were to acses the genetic similarity and to identify the specific RAPD markers of four dwarf coconuts (GHJ, GRA, GHN, and GMB). There were 10 sample palms drawn in each population. DNA of coconut was amplified using 9 primers that selected from 35 random decamer primers of Operon Kit A, B, and C (Operon Alameda Technologies, Alameda, California). A total of 108 DNA bands were recorded, and 83 of them were polymorphic (77%). Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA) based on Numerical Taxonomy and MuC tivariate System (NTSYS) version 1.8 computer program. The result showed that the ten dwarf coconut palms were grouped within their populations. Genetic similarity of dwarf coconut within GRA, GHJ, GHN, and GMB populations was 86,83,83, and 82% respectively. The genetic similarity of GHN and GMB population was the highest when compared to other populations. The Principle Component Analysis of RAPD binary data matrix showed that dwarf coconut populations grouped in four different quadrants. OPB-08, RAPD band could be used as a specific genetic markers for GRA coconut populations. While OPA-O8,, OPA-OS,,, and OPC-05, RAPD band can be used to distinguish GHJ or GMB from GRA and GHN coconuts. OPA-13, RAPD band had been identified and found only in GRA and GMB coconut populations.