Kinerja Produksi dan Usaha Akuaponik-Bioflok Pendederan Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) dengan Protein Pakan Berbeda

Abstract

Budidaya ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi, namun menghadapi kendala berupa efisiensi pakan dan penurunan kualitas air akibat akumulasi limbah nitrogen. Protein pakan merupakan komponen penting bagi pertumbuhan namun mengambil biaya terbesar dalam budidaya, sehingga diperlukan strategi untuk meningkatkan efisiensinya. Sistem akuaponik-bioflok berpotensi menjadi solusi karena mampu mengolah limbah nitrogen melalui aktivitas bakteri heterotrof, menghasilkan flok. Selain menghasilkan flok. Sistem sebagai sumber nutrisi tambahan, sistem tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki kualitas air serta berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kinerja produksi dan usaha terbaik pada pendederan ikan patin dengan penggunaan pakan berkadar protein berbeda pada sistem akuaponik-bioflok. Penelitian dilakukan selama 60 hari menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan, yaitu pakan komersial berprotein 25% (P25), 28% (P28), dan 33% (P33) dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan biomassa akhir dan produktivitas pada perlakuan P28 (2.225 g; 2,4 kg/m³) dan P33 (2.212 g; 2,4 kg/m³) lebih tinggi dibandingkan P25 (1.863 g; 1,9 kg/m³). Tingkat kelangsungan hidup mencapai 100% pada seluruh perlakuan, sedangkan pertumbuhan selada tidak berbeda nyata. Kualitas air tetap berada pada kisaran layak meskipun nitrit relatif tinggi. Analisis usaha menunjukkan perlakuan P28 menghasilkan keuntungan tertinggi (Rp30.452.229), revenue cost ratio (R/C Ratio) 1,21, dan payback period (PP) 4,7 tahun. Dengan demikian, pakan berprotein sedang (28%) terbukti paling efisien secara teknis dan ekonomis pada sistem akuaponik-bioflok.

The cultivation of striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) has high economic value; however, it faces constraints related to feed efficiency and declining water quality due to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste. Dietary protein is a critical component for growth but represents the largest cost in aquaculture operations; therefore, strategies to improve protein efficiency are required. The aquaponic–biofloc system has the potential to serve as a solution because it is capable of processing nitrogenous waste through the activity of heterotrophic bacteria, resulting in the formation of bioflocs. In addition to serving as a supplementary nutrient source, this system can improve water quality and promote sustainable production. This study aimed to determine the best production and economic performance of striped catfish nursery rearing using feeds with different protein levels in an aquaponic–biofloc system. The experiment was conducted for 60 days using a completely randomized design with three treatments: commercial feeds containing 25% protein (P25), 28% protein (P28), and 33% protein (P33), each with three replicates. The results showed that final biomass and productivity in treatments P28 (2,225 g; 2.4 kg m?³) and P33 (2,212 g; 2.4 kg m?³) were higher than those in P25 (1,863 g; 1.9 kg m?³). Survival rate reached 100% in all treatments, while lettuce growth did not differ significantly among treatments. Water quality remained within acceptable ranges, although nitrite levels were relatively high. Economic analysis indicated that treatment P28 generated the highest profit (IDR 30,452,229), with a revenue–cost ratio (R/C ratio) of 1.21 and a payback period (PP) of 4.7 years. Therefore, feed with a moderate protein level (28%) was proven to be the most technically and economically efficient in the aquaponic–biofloc system.