Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172167
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dc.contributor.advisorSukenda-
dc.contributor.advisorWidanarni-
dc.contributor.advisorYuhana, Munti-
dc.contributor.authorISNAWATI, NURUL DWI-
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-20T06:11:58Z-
dc.date.available2026-01-20T06:11:58Z-
dc.date.issued2026-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172167-
dc.description.abstractUdang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan unggulan dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi di pasar global dan produksi yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Proses budidaya udang vaname banyak menghadapi kendala yaitu serangan penyakit, salah satunya white spot disease yang disebabkan oleh infeksi White Spot Syndrome Virus. Pengendalian patogen pada udang biasanya dilakukan dengan pemberian antibiotik, namun penggunaannya dapat meningkatnya resistansi dan risiko residu yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu mencari alternatif yang lebih aman dan ramah lingkungan, antara lain dengan pemberian mikrokapsul sinbiotik dengan probiotik tunggal dan gabungan. Penelitian ini didesain untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pemberian sinbiotik Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1UB, Bacillus NP5 dan prebiotik Mannanoligosakarida (MOS) yang diaplikasikan melalui pakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan, meningkatkan respons imun, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname terhadap white spot disease. Hewan uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu udang vaname bersertifikat specific pathogen-free dengan bobot awal rata-rata 2,22 ± 0,02 g/ekor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu 2 perlakuan kontrol (kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif) dan tiga perlakuan dengan penambahan mikrokapsul sinbiotik SBM (Bacillus NP5+MOS) 1%)), SPM (P. piscicida+MOS) 1%)), SBPM (Bacillus NP5+MOS(0,5%)+P.piscicida+MOS (0,5%)) dengan setiap perlakuan tiga kali ulangan. Pemberian mikrokapsul sinbiotik dilakukan selama 30 hari pemeliharaan. Pemberian pakan dilakukan sebanyak lima kali sehari dengan feeding rate 5-12%, selanjutnya pada hari ke-31 dilakukan uji tantang dengan WSSV secara intramuskular dengan dosis 10-4 dan pemeliharaan pasca uji tantang dilakukan selama 7 hari. Suspensi mikrokapsul sinbiotik terdiri atas maltodekstrin 10% (w/v), serta protein whey dan bahan inti (probiotik dan MOS) dengan perbandingan 1:1 (v/v). Suspensi sinbiotik disiapkan dengan mencampurkan semua bahan dalam satu wadah lalu dihomogenkan pada stirer plate selama 30 menit sebelum masuk pada proses spray drying. Proses spray drying menggunakan spray dryer (mini buchi 190) dengan suhu inlet 100-110oC dan suhu outlet 55-58oC. Mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan berkepadatan 108 CFU g-1 disimpan di suhu ruang. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi kinerja pertumbuhan yang diukur pada awal pemeliharaan hari ke-0 dan akhir pemeliharaan hari ke-30 yang mencakup laju pertumbuhan spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan rasio konversi pakan. Pengamatan respons imun dilakukan sebelum perlakuan sinbiotik pada hari ke-0 dan akhir perlakuan sinbiotik pada hari ke-30, pasca uji tantang pada hari ke-31, 33, 35, dan 37 meliputi total haemocyte count (THC), aktivitas fagositosis (AF), respiratory burst (RB), dan phenoloxydase (PO). Parameter pengamatan ekspresi gen Peroxinectin, gen Lipopolysaccharide and ß-1,3-glucanbinding protein (LGBP), gen Serine Protein, dan gen house keeping EF1a dilakukan pasca uji tantang yaitu hari ke-31, 33, 35, dan 37. Analisis histopatologi hepatopankreas dilakukan pada hari ke-37 pasca uji tantang udang vaname dengan WSSV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan penambahan mikrokapsul sinbiotik dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname dengan hasil terbaik pada perlakuan mikrokapsul sinbiotik SPM. Nilai tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) setelah pemberian mikrokapsul sinbiotik selama 30 hari mencapai 93,75%, 88,78%, dan 86,25% (berturut-turut pada SPM, SBPM, dan SBM), lebih tinggi (p<0,05) dibandingan dengan kontrol yaitu 82,5%. Nilai LPS tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan dengan penambahan mikrokapsul yaitu SPM dan diikuti SBPM, dan SBM, semua lebih tinggi (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hasil analisis respons imun udang yang diberikan perlakuan mikrokapsul sinbiotik melalui pakan selama 30 hari dengan nilai THC, AF, RB, dan PO secara signifikan (p<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Pasca uji tantang dengan WSSV, pada hari ke-33, 35, dan 37, nilai THC, AF, RB, dan PO pada udang yang diberikan perlakuan mikrokapsul sinbiotik secara signifikan (p<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol positif. Pasca uji tantang WSSV menunjukkan gejala klinis udang yaitu terdapat bintik putih pada karapas, tubuh udang yang menggelap, usus udang tampak kosong (nafsu makan menurun). Hasil pengamatan pasca uji tantang menggunakan PCR menunjukkan nilai positif terhadap infeksi WSSV, yang ditunjukkan dengan pita DNA 941 bp. Hasil analisis ekspresi gen imunitas udang dengan pemberian mikrokapsul sinbiotik secara signifikan meningkatkan ekspresi gen imunitas pada udang vaname yang diuji tantang dengan WSSV. Peningkatan ekspresi gen Lipopolysaccharideand ß-1, 3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), Serine Protein, Peroxinectin pada udang vaname yang diuji tantang dengan WSSV memberikan nilai yang berbeda nyata (p<0.05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif setelah uji tantang pada hari ke-31, hari ke-33, hari ke-35, dan hari ke-37. Perlakuan SPM menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada ekspresi gen imunitas udang yang diuji tantang dengan WSSV. Pengamatan histopatologi hepatopankreas menunjukkan adanya kerusakan jaringan hepatopankreas disemua perlakuan kecuali kontrol negatif. Perlakuan SPM memiliki kondisi jaringan lebih normal dibandingkan dengan yang lainnya. Kerusakan terparah pada jaringan hepatopankreas terlihat pada perlakuan K+. Perlakuan K+, SBM, dan SBPM menunjukkan nekrosis tubulus, pelebaran lumen, kerusakan sel B serta luruhnya membran hepatopankreas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu aplikasi mikrokapsul sinbiotik yang terdiri dari P. piscicida dan MOS dalam pakan efektif meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan, respons imun, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname terhadap WSSV. Perlakuan SPM memberikan efek perlindungan terbaik dan merupakan strategi ramah lingkungan yang menjanjikan untuk pencegahan penyakit WSSV pada budidaya udang vaname.-
dc.description.abstractPacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the leading fishery commodities with high economic value in the global market, and its production continues to increase every year. The process of cultivating Pacific white shrimp faces many obstacles, including disease outbreaks, one of which is white spot disease caused by infection with the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Pathogen control in shrimp is usually carried out by administering antibiotics, however, their use can increase resistance and the risk of residues that are harmful to the environment. Efforts should be made to seek safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as administering synbiotic microcapsules with single and combined probiotics. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of administering Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1UB, Bacillus NP5, and Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotics through feed to improve growth performance, immune response, and increase the survival rate of Pacific white shrimp against white spot disease. The test animals used in this study were specific pathogen-free certified Pacific white shrimp with an average initial weight of 2.22 ± 0.02 g/shrimp. The research design was a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and three replicates, namely two control treatments (positive control and negative control) and three treatments with the addition of SBM synbiotic microcapsules (Bacillus NP5+MOS) 1%)), SPM (P. piscicida+MOS) 1%)), and SBPM (Bacillus NP5+MOS (0.5%)+P. piscicida+MOS (0.5%)) with three replicates for each treatment. Synbiotic microcapsules were administered during the 30 day reared period. Feeding was performed five times a day at a feeding rate of 5-12%. On day 31, a challenge test was conducted with WSSV administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10-4, and post challenge rearing was performed for seven days. The synbiotic microcapsule suspension consisted of 10% maltodextrin (w/v), whey protein, and core ingredients (probiotics and MOS) in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. The synbiotic suspension was prepared by mixing all the ingredients in a container and homogenizing them on a stirrer plate for 30 min before spray drying. The spray drying process used a spray dryer (mini buchi 190) with an inlet temperature of 100-110°Cand an outlet temperature of 55-58°C. The resulting microcapsules had a density of 108 CFU g?¹ and were stored at room temperature. The parameters observed in this study included growth performance measured at the beginning of rearing on day 0 and at the end of rearing on day 30, which included specific growth rate, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio. Immune response observations were conducted before synbiotic treatment on day 0 and at the end of synbiotic treatment on day 30, after challenge tests on days 31, 33, 35, and 37, including total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis activity (AF), respiratory burst (RB), and phenoloxydase (PO). The observation parameters of Peroxinectin gene expression, Lipopolysaccharide and ß-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) genes, Serine Protein genes, and housekeeping EF1a genes were conducted after the challenge test, namely on days 31, 33, 35, and 37. Histopathological analysis of the hepatopancreas was performed on day 37 postchallenge of Pacific white shrimp with WSSV. The results showed that feeding with synbiotic microcapsules improved the growth performance of Pacific white shrimp, with the best results observed in the SPM synbiotic microcapsule treatment. The survival rate (SR) after 30 days of synbiotic microcapsule administration reached 93.75%, 88.78%, and 86.25% (in SPM, SBPM, and SBM, respectively), which was higher (p<0.05) than that in the control group (82.5 %). The highest LPS values were found in the treatments with the addition of microcapsules, namely SPM, followed by SBPM and SBM, all of which were higher (p<0.05) than those in the control. The results of the analysis of the immune response of shrimp given synbiotic microcapsule treatment through feed for 30 days showed that the THC, AF, RB, and PO values were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the control treatment. After the WSSV challenge test, on days 33, 35, and 37, the THC, AF, RB, and PO values in shrimp treated with synbiotic microcapsules were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the positive control group. After the WSSV challenge test, clinical symptoms were observed in the shrimp, including white spots on the carapace, darkening of the shrimp body, and empty intestines (decreased appetite). The results of post-challenge observations using PCR showed positive results for WSSV infection, as indicated by a 941 bp DNA band. The results of the analysis of shrimp immunity gene expression with the administration of synbiotic microcapsules significantly increased the expression of immunity genes in Pacific white shrimp challenged with WSSV. Increased expression of the Lipopolysaccharide- and ß-1, 3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), Serine Protein, and Peroxinectin genes in pacific white shrimp challenged with WSSV showed significantly different values (p<0.05) compared to the positive control after challenge on days 31, 33, 35, and 37. SPM treatment showed the best results in terms of immune gene expression in shrimp challenged with WSSV. Histopathological observation of the hepatopancreas showed damage to the hepatopancreatic tissue in all treatments, except in the negative control. The SPM treatment had more normal tissue conditions than the other treatments. The most severe damage to the hepatopancreatic tissue was observed in the K+ treatment group. The K+, SBM, and SBPM treatments showed tubule necrosis, lumen dilation, B-cell damage, and hepatopancreatic membrane shedding. Conclusion from the research is the application of a synbiotic microcapsule consisting of P.piscicida and MOS in feed effectively improved the growth performance, immune response, and survival rate of pacific white shrimp against WSSV. SPM treatment provided the best protective effect and is a promising environmentally friendly strategy for preventing WSSV in Pacific white shrimp farming.-
dc.description.sponsorshipLPDP (Lembaga Pengelolaan Dana Pendidikan) Republik Indonesia-
dc.language.isoid-
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleAplikasi Mikrokapsul Sinbiotik dengan Probiotik Tunggal dan Gabungan untuk Pencegahan White Spot Disease pada Udang Vanameid
dc.title.alternativeApplication of Synbiotic Microcapsules with Single and Combined Probiotics for the Prevention of White Spot Disease in Pacific White Shrimp-
dc.typeTesis-
dc.subject.keywordmikrokapsulid
dc.subject.keywordsinbiotikid
dc.subject.keywordudang vanameid
dc.subject.keywordwhite spot diseaseid
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