STRATEGI PENINGKATAN INDEKS PENDIDIKAN MELALUI ALOKASI BELANJA BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

Abstract

Strategies for Improving the Education Index through Local Education Expenditure Allocation in South Tangerang City. Supervised by A. Faroby Falatehan and Irfan Syauqi Beik.

South Tangerang City faces a paradox in which the education index constitutes the lowest component of the Human Development Index (HDI), despite the health index reaching 0.850 and relatively high per capita expenditure. This condition is not proportional to the increasing trend of education expenditure allocation during the 2020–2024 period. The phenomenon is further exacerbated by interregional disparities within Banten Province, while previous studies indicate that the impact of education spending on HDI varies depending on local implementation. This study focuses on BPS data from 2020–2024, the institutional conditions of the South Tangerang City Education Office, and its organizational structure to identify key determinants of the education index, namely Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) and Expected Years of Schooling (EYS).

The research employs secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Directorate General of State Assets (DJKN), complemented by primary data obtained through interviews with officials from the Education Office, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), and the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) of South Tangerang City. Panel data regression analysis using EViews software is applied to examine the effects of education expenditure (BP), per capita income (PPK), the student–teacher ratio. The regression model is validated using the Chow test, Hausman test, and F-test, t-test, and R². Furthermore, strategies for improving the education index are formulated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a five-level hierarchy encompassing the focus of index improvement, key actors, infrastructure and teacher-related factors, and the objective of equitable access.

The regression results indicate that education expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the education index, followed by school participation rates, the number of schools, and the student–teacher ratio, while per capita income is found to be less dominant. Based on the AHP results, the priority strategies include: (1) equitable distribution of teaching personnel, (2) provision of scholarships for underprivileged students, (3) expansion of formal and non-formal educational institutions, (4) classroom rehabilitation, (5) training and capacity building for educators, and (6) operational assistance for non-formal education institutions. Policy implications emphasize the importance of allocating at least 20% of the regional budget (APBD) to basic education, strengthening synergy between Bappeda and DPRD, and implementing monitoring mechanisms based on the latest BPS methodology with maximum standards of 15 years for MYS and 18 years for EYS.

Keywords: Education Index, Human Development Index, Education Expenditure, Regional Budget, South Tangerang