Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172066
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dc.contributor.advisorRachmina, Dwi
dc.contributor.advisorRifin, Amzul
dc.contributor.authorAmrul, Risno
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-12T08:45:06Z
dc.date.available2026-01-12T08:45:06Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172066
dc.description.abstractSalah satu tanaman perkebunan penting di Indonesia adalah pala, karena memiliki luas areal terbesar di dunia. Luas areal perkebunan pala Indonesia pada tahun 2021 mencapai 260.213 hektar, di mana 99,82% dikuasai oleh perkebunan rakyat. Maluku Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki luas areal pala terbesar di Indonesia mencapai 65.275 hektar pada tahun 2021 dan seluruhnya merupakan perkebunan rakyat. Sentra utama perkebunan pala di Maluku Utara yaitu Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah dengan luas areal mencapai 13.366 hektar dan produksi pala sebanyak 1.831 ton pada tahun 2021. Tren perkembangan luas areal perkebunan pala di Halmahera Tengah pada tahun 2017-2021 cenderung mengalami peningkatan, yaitu rata-rata sebesar 2,5% per tahun. Sebaliknya produksi pala mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,1% per tahun. Penurunan produksi disebabkan beberapa faktor antara lain keterbatasan modal, tidak menggunakan jarak tanam, tidak ada pemupukan, dan umur tanaman yang sudah tua. Permasalahan lain di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah adalah jumlah petani megalami penurunan sebesar 7,0% per tahun dari 5.120 orang pada tahun 2017 menjadi 3.440 orang pada tahun 2021. Permasalahn tersebut dikhawatirkan akan keberlanjutan perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah tidak dapat berlanjut. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menganalisis status keberlanjutan usaha perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah menggunakan lima dimensi yaitu ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan, teknologi, dan kelembagaan, dengan tujuan penelitian (1) menganalisis status keberlanjutan usaha perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah; (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan usaha perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah pada empat Kecamatan yaitu, Kecamatan Patani Timur, Patani Utara, Weda Utara, dan Kecamatan Weda. Data utama yang digunakan dalam penelitiana ini yaitu data primer yang didukung dengan data sekunder dari berbagai instansi terkait. Data primer bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan 100 petani pala yang dipilih secara random sampling. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) dengan pendekatan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi Rapid Appraisal for Nutmeg (Rap-Nutmeg). Analisis ordinasi dengan MDS untuk menentukan status keberlanjutan pada setiap dimensi dalam skala indeks keberlanjutan dan melakukan analisis leverage untuk menetukan atribut yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan perkebunan pala. Hasil analisis Rap-Nutmeg status keberlanjutan perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah secara multidimensi menunjukkan nilai indeks 64,55, artinya perkebunan pala di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah tergolong kategori cukup berkelanjutan. Nilai indeks dan status keberlanjutan perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah pada masing-masing dimensi menunjukan bahwa nilai indeks dan status keberlanjutanya bervariasi yaitu dimensi lingkungan (75,18) dan dimensi sosial (75,12) memiliki nilai indeks tertinggi dan termasuk kategori sangat berkelanjutan. Status keberlanjutan perkebunan pala berdasarkan dimensi teknologi (74,74) cukup berkelanjutan, dimensi ekonomi (38,76) kurang berkelanjutan, sedangkan dimensi kelembagaan (11,36) dengan nilai indeks terendah termasuk kategori tidak berkelanjutan. Hasi analisis leverage menunjukan bahwa atribut-atribut sensitif yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan usaha perkebunan pala rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengah pada dimensi ekonomi yaitu penyerapan tenaga kerja, penentuan harga, dan cara penjualan hasil panen, pada dimensi sosial; tingkat budaya gotong royong, pandangan masyarakat terhadap usahatani pala, dan tingkat pendidikan, dimensi lingkungan; pemahaman petani terhadap pengolahan dan lingkungan, kerusakan hutan, dan tingkat serangan hama, dimensi teknologi; jarak tanam, waktu dan panen, dan penyiangan, dimensi kelembagaan; keberadaan kelompok tani, keikutsertaan petani dalam kelompok tani, dan akses petani ke sumber teknologi.
dc.description.abstractOne of the most important plantation crops in Indonesia is nutmeg, as it has the largest area in the world. The total area of nutmeg plantations in Indonesia in 2021 reached 260,213 hectares, with 99.82% controlled by smallholder plantations. North Maluku is one of the provinces with the largest nutmeg plantation area in Indonesia, reaching 65,275 hectares in 2021, all of which are smallholder plantations. Nutmeg farming in North Maluku has been a traditional source of income for the community since the 15th century. The main nutmeg farming center in North Maluku is Central Halmahera Regency, with an area of 13,366 hectares and a nutmeg production of 1,831 tons in 2021. The trend in the development of nutmeg plantation areas in Central Halmahera from 2017 to 2021 has shown an upward trend, averaging 2.5% per year. Conversely, nutmeg production has decreased by 0.1% per year. The decline in production is attributed to several factors, including limited capital, failure to maintain proper planting distances, lack of fertilization, and the advanced age of the plants. Another problem in Central Halmahera Regency is that the number of farmers has decreased by 7.0% per year from 5,120 people in 2017 to 3,440 people in 2021. This problem raises concerns that the sustainability of nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency cannot be maintained. Sustainability is development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The core of the sustainability concept is that economic, social, and environmental aspects must support each other in the development process; otherwise, there will be a “trade-off” between these aspects. In addition to these three aspects, sustainability analysis can be conducted using five dimensions: economic, social, environmental, technological, and institutional. Therefore, this study analyzes the sustainability status of smallholder nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency using five dimensions, with the research objectives being (1) to analyze the sustainability status of smallholder nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency; (2) to analyze the factors influencing the sustainability of smallholder nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency. This research was conducted purposively in Central Halmahera Regency in four subdistricts, namely East Patani, North Patani, North Weda, and Weda Subdistricts. The main data used in this research was primary data supported by secondary data from various related agencies. The method used was Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) with the Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) approach, which has been modified into Rapid Appraisal for Nutmeg (Rap-Nutmeg). Ordination analysis using MDS was conducted to determine the sustainability status for each dimension within the sustainability index scale, and leverage analysis was performed to identify the attributes influencing the sustainability of nutmeg plantations. The results of the Rap-Nutmeg analysis of the sustainability status of smallholder nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency in a multidimensional manner show an index value of 64.55, meaning that nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency are classified as moderately sustainable. The index values and sustainability status of smallholder nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency across each dimension indicate that the index values and sustainability status vary. The environmental dimension (75.18) and social dimension (75.12) have the highest index values and are classified as highly sustainable. The sustainability status of nutmeg plantations based on the technological dimension (74.74) is moderately sustainable, the economic dimension (38.76) is less sustainable, while the institutional dimension (11.36) with the lowest index value is categorized as unsustainable. The results of the leverage analysis indicate that the sensitive attributes influencing the sustainability of nutmeg plantations in Central Halmahera Regency are labor absorption, the level of mutual cooperation culture, farmers' understanding of land and environmental management, planting distance, and the presence of groups.
dc.description.sponsorship
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleKeberlanjutan Usaha Perkebunan Pala Rakyat Di Kabupaten Halmahera Tengahid
dc.title.alternativeSustainability of Smallholder Nutmeg Plantation Businesses in Central Halmahera Regency
dc.typeTesis
dc.subject.keywordAnalisis rap-nutmegid
dc.subject.keywordKeberlanjutan Usahaid
dc.subject.keywordmulti dimensional scaling (MDS)id
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