Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171950
Title: Analisis Keterhubungan Pergerakan Harga Beras di Pulau Jawa: Pendekatan Var dan Spillover Diebold-Yilmaz
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Authors: Sugema, Iman
Sahara
Azzahra, Latifah Fajrin
Issue Date: 2026
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Ketahanan pangan merupakan isu strategis yang mencakup ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, pemanfaatan, dan stabilitas pangan, di mana stabilitas harga beras memegang peran penting. Sebagai pangan pokok utama di Indonesia, dinamika harga beras berpengaruh langsung terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan stabilitas ekonomi. Selama periode 2017–2024, harga beras di Pulau Jawa mengalami fluktuasi dengan kecenderungan meningkat akibat faktor iklim, distribusi, struktur pasar, serta kebijakan pemerintah, yang pada akhirnya memicu disparitas harga antarwilayah. Penelitian ini menganalisis keterhubungan harga beras di 28 kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa menggunakan model Vector Autoregressive dengan regularisasi Elastic Net (VAR–ENET) dan pendekatan Spillover Index Diebold–Yilmaz. Analisis dilakukan secara statis untuk menggambarkan keterhubungan rata-rata, serta secara dinamis (rolling window) untuk menangkap perubahan pola keterhubungan antarwilayah. Seluruh tahapan analisis diimplementasikan melalui pemrograman mandiri menggunakan EViews 13. Hasil analisis statis menunjukkan bahwa harga beras antarwilayah di Pulau Jawa saling terhubung dengan tingkat keterhubungan moderat, tercermin dari nilai Total Spillover Index (TSI) sebesar 17,6 persen. Analisis directional dan net spillover mengindikasikan adanya hubungan yang asimetris, di mana Kota Serang, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Kota Bekasi, dan Kota Kediri berperan sebagai net transmitter, sedangkan Kabupaten Banyumas, Kabupaten Kudus, Kabupaten Cirebon, Kota Tegal, dan Kota Tasikmalaya merupakan net receiver utama yang relatif lebih rentan terhadap guncangan eksternal. Analisis dinamis menunjukkan bahwa keterhubungan harga beras bersifat tidak stabil dan berkembang dalam tiga fase, mulai dari keterhubungan yang lemah dan bersifat lokal, peningkatan integrasi antarwilayah, hingga periode dengan tingkat keterhubungan tertinggi yang ditandai oleh penguatan hubungan bilateral serta meningkatnya konektivitas wilayah Jawa bagian tengah dan timur. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peran wilayah sebagai transmitter dan receiver bersifat dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi pasokan, distribusi, musim panen, serta kebijakan pemerintah. Secara keseluruhan, pasar beras di Pulau Jawa menunjukkan tingkat integrasi yang semakin kuat namun tetap rentan terhadap guncangan eksternal. Pendekatan VAR–ENET dan analisis spillover memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai mekanisme keterhubungan harga dan dapat menjadi dasar perumusan kebijakan stabilisasi harga yang lebih adaptif.
Food security is a strategic issue encompassing the dimensions of availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability, in which rice price stability plays a crucial role. As the primary staple food in Indonesia, rice price dynamics directly affect household welfare and macroeconomic stability. Over the period 2017–2024, rice prices across Java Island exhibited fluctuations with an upward trend, driven by climatic conditions, distribution efficiency, market structure, and government policies, resulting in interregional price disparities. This study examines rice price connectedness across 28 regencies and cities on Java Island using a Vector Autoregressive model with Elastic Net regularization (VAR–ENET) combined with the Diebold–Yilmaz spillover index approach. The analysis is conducted using both static and dynamic frameworks: static analysis captures average connectedness over the sample period, while dynamic (rolling window) analysis explores the time-varying evolution of interregional price linkages. All analytical procedures are implemented through self-programmed routines in EViews 13. The static results indicate a moderate level of interregional rice price connectedness, as reflected by a Total Spillover Index (TSI) of 17.6 percent. Directional and net spillover analyses reveal asymmetric relationships, where Serang City, Karanganyar Regency, Tasikmalaya Regency, Bekasi City, and Kediri City act as net transmitters of price shocks, while Banyumas Regency, Kudus Regency, Cirebon Regency, Tegal City, and Tasikmalaya City serve as major net receivers and are more vulnerable to external disturbances. Dynamic analysis shows that rice price connectedness is time-varying and evolves through three distinct phases: an initial phase characterized by weak and localized linkages, a subsequent phase of increasing interregional integration, and a final phase marked by the highest level of connectedness, including strengthened bilateral relationships and enhanced connectivity across central and eastern Java. These findings suggest that the roles of regions as transmitters or receivers of price shocks are not fixed but change in response to supply conditions, distribution efficiency, harvest cycles, and government policies. Overall, the rice market in Java Island exhibits increasing integration while remaining susceptible to external shocks. The combined VAR–ENET and spillover framework provides a comprehensive understanding of rice price connectedness and offers valuable insights for designing more adaptive and responsive price stabilization policies.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171950
Appears in Collections:MT - Economic and Management

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