Uji Kinerja Alat Tanam Benih Kacang Tanah dengan Tenaga Penggerak Traktor Roda Empat

Abstract

Penanaman benih kacang tanah dapat dilakukan menggunakan alat tanam benih (seeder) mekanis dengan tenaga penggerak traktor roda empat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja dan distribusi benih yang dihasilkan oleh seeder. Metode meliputi pengujian di lapangan pada lahan 15 × 3,2 m2 dengan tiga lintasan. Sebelum pengujian dilakukan kalibrasi seeder dan setelah pengujian dilakukan pengukuran distribusi benih. Kondisi sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah (kadar air tanah, densitas tanah, dan tahanan penetrasi tanah) pada kedalaman hingga 15 cm saat dilakukan pengujian penanaman benih kacang tanah berturut- turut sebesar 37,62–41,16%, 1,19–1,28 g/cm3 , dan 2,27–9,84 kgf/cm2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas lapang efektif penanaman sebesar 0,09 ha/jam dan efisiensi lapang penanaman 86,56%. Keseragaman jarak antar benih, kedalaman tanam, dan jumlah benih per lubang tanam berturut-turut sebesar 96%, 26%, dan 19%.

Peanut seeding can be performed using a mechanical seed planter (seeder) powered by a four-wheel tractor. This study aims to analyze the performance and the seed distribution produced by the seeder. The method involved field tests on a 15 × 3.2 m² plot with three passes. Prior to testing, the seeder was calibrated, and after testing, seed distribution was measured. The physical and mechanical properties of the soil—moisture content, bulk density, and penetration resistance—at depths up to 15 cm during seeding were 37.62–41.16%, 1.19–1.28 g/cm³, and 2.27–9.84 kgf/cm², respectively. The results showed that the effective field capacity of the seeding operation was 0.09 ha/h, with a field efficiency of 86.56%. The uniformity of seed spacing, planting depth, and the number of seeds per hole were 96%, 26%, and 19%, respectively.