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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171643| Title: | Urgensi Penggunaan Referensi Emisi Karbon Hutan sebagai Perencanaan Mitigasi Berbasis Lahan dan Perairan dengan Pendekatan Yurisdiksi |
| Other Titles: | The Urgency of Using Forest Carbon Emission References as Land- and Water-Based Mitigation Planning with a Jurisdictional Approach |
| Authors: | Nurrochmat, Dodik Ridho Purwawangsa, Handian Ridwan, Muhammad |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Perubahan iklim merupakan ancaman ekologis serius yang berdampak luas pada berbagai sektor, termasuk perkebunan kelapa sawit, hutan primer dan hutan sekunder. Salah satu penyebab utama krisis iklim adalah deforestasi, baik di dalam maupun di luar kawasan hutan Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, para peneliti menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi antara pemerintah, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, masyarakat lokal, dan ilmuwan untuk mencegah deforestasi dan degradasi hutan.
Ancaman deforestasi juga terjadi pada mangrove di pulau – pulau kecil di seluruh Indonesia. Namun, untuk implementasi di lapangan masih diperlukan peta dasar kawasan blue carbon, faktor emisi dan referensi emisi mangrove yang memadai. Baseline ini penting untuk menetapkan target mitigasi provinsi, memberi acuan bagi insentif dan disinsentif, serta menentukan lokasi prioritas untuk rehabilitasi. Aksi mitigasi berupa pencegahan deforestasi dan deradaai memerlukan pedoman yang jelas serta penguatan institusi agar aksi mitigasi dapat berjalan efektif. Indonesia telah menetapkan komitmen dalam dokumen Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 2022 untuk menurunkan emisi sebesar 31,89% dengan upaya domestik dan 43,20% dengan dukungan internasional pada tahun 2030.
Kebijakan ini membuka peluang bagi sektor kehutanan dan lahan untuk berpartisipasi dalam pasar karbon lebih besar. Hasil penelitian di beberapa wilayah pulau kecil seperti Bintan, Kepulauan Seribu, Lombok Barat, dan Raja Ampat menunjukkan tingkat kehilangan mangrove bervariasi antara 0,5 persen hingga 4 persen per tahun dalam periode 2006–2022. Perkebunan kelapa sawit dan mangrove pada pulau – pulau kecil belum menggunakan referensi sebagai acuan untuk melakukan rehabilitasi lahan. Mengingat keterbatasan dana dan luasnya wilayah, pemilihan prioritas berbasis referensi emisi sangat penting agar intervensi lebih efektif. Tantangan utama dalam pelaksanaan mitigasi berbasis hutan, ekosistem pesisir dan yurisdiksi adalah memastikan bahwa insentif ekonomi selaras dengan upaya konservasi.
Insentid perdagangan karbon sebaiknya tidak hanya berbasis referensi emisi masa lalu. Wilayah dengan tingkat deforestasi historis rendah, seperti Pulau Salat dan Papua, sulit memperoleh insentif meski memiliki stok karbon yang tinggi apabila hanya menggunakan referensi emisi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan skema referensi alternatif agar daerah dengan deforestasi rendah tetap mendapat dukungan insentif untuk mempertahankan hutannya untuk wilayah yurisdiksi yang luas. Climate change is a serious ecological threat that has a broad impact on various sectors, including oil palm plantations, primary forests and secondary forests. One of the main causes of the climate crisis is deforestation, both inside and outside Indonesia's forest areas. To overcome this problem, researchers emphasize the importance of collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, local communities and scientists to prevent deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation also occurs in mangroves on small islands throughout Indonesia. However, for implementation in the field, adequate blue carbon area base maps, emission factors and mangrove emission references are still needed. This baseline is important for setting provincial mitigation targets, providing a reference for incentives and disincentives, and determining priority locations for rehabilitation. Mitigation actions in the form of preventing deforestation and damage require clear guidelines and institutional strengthening so that mitigation actions can be effective. Indonesia has set a commitment in the 2022 Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) document to reduce emissions by 31.89% with domestic efforts and 43.20% with international support by 2030. This policy opens up opportunities for the forestry and land sectors to participate in greater carbon markets. Research results in several small island areas such as Bintan, Seribu Islands, West Lombok and Raja Ampat show that the rate of mangrove loss varies between 0.5 percent and 4 percent per year in the 2006–2022 period. Oil palm and mangrove plantations on small islands have not yet used references as a reference for carrying out land rehabilitation. Given the limited funds and large area, selecting priorities based on emission references is very important so that interventions are more effective. A key challenge in implementing forest, coastal ecosystem and jurisdiction-based mitigation is ensuring that economic incentives are aligned with conservation efforts. Carbon trading incentives should not only be based on references to past emissions. Regions with historically low deforestation rates, such as Salat Island and Papua, find it difficult to obtain incentives even though they have high carbon stocks if only using emissions as a reference. Therefore, an alternative reference scheme is needed so that areas with low deforestation still receive incentive support to maintain their forests for large jurisdictional areas. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171643 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Forestry |
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| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cover_E1501231018_683210c9d93a4b07950c65f256ac5d18.pdf | Cover | 757.8 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_E1501231018_4f002e438072497cbf25aabc775ab009.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 2.18 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_E1501231018_9717de4cd10344da987a39e82cb9773c.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 389.08 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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