Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Produksi Industri Es Krim dengan Teknologi Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

Abstract

Industri pengolahan es krim menghasilkan air limbah dengan debit 165,33 m3/hari yang mengandung bahan organik, lemak, dan padatan tersuspensi tinggi sehingga berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak diolah dengan baik. Sistem yang ada saat ini berupa pre-treatment, yaitu ground tank, static screen, dan bubble trap, sehingga air limbah masih dialirkan ke IPAL eksternal dan menyebabkan biaya operasional tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sistem pra-pengolahan serta merancang unit pengolahan lanjutan yang lebih efisien melalui proses kimia dan biologi menggunakan teknologi moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). Metode yang digunakan, analisis data sekunder, perancangan unit pengolahan berdasarkan standar teknis, dan penyusunan rencana anggaran biaya. Unit tambahan yang dirancang meliputi DAF, MBBR, bak pengendap, desinfeksi, bak efluen, sludge holding tank, dan filter press. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan efisiensi penurunan BOD, COD, dan TSS sebesar 85-92%, berdasarkan estimasi removal dari kajian literatur, efluen memenuhi baku mutu. Total biaya pembangunan sebesar Rp 409.656.715, dengan biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan sekitar Rp 471.646.636/tahun atau Rp 7.813/m³.

The ice cream processing industry produces wastewater with a discharge of 165.33 m3 /day containing high levels of organic matter, fat, and suspended solids, potentially polluting the environment if not properly treated. The current pretreatment system, consisting of a ground tank, static screen, and bubble trap, results in wastewater still being channeled to an external wastewater treatment and results in high operational costs. This study aims to evaluate the pre-treatment system and design a more efficient advanced treatment unit through chemical and biological processes using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology. The methods used include secondary data analysis, processing unit design based on technical standards, and preparation of a cost budget plan. Additional units designed include DAF, MBBR, settling basin, disinfection, sludge holding tank, and filter press. The design results show a reduction efficiency of BOD, COD, and TSS of 85-92%, so that based on removal estimates from the literature review, the effluent meets quality standards. The total construction cost is Rp 409,656,715, with operational and maintenance costs of approximately Rp 471,646,636/year or Rp 7,813/m3